Effects of kainic acid lesions in the medullary raphe midline on reflex expirations induced mechanically from the trachea were examined. Spontaneously breathing rabbits were anesthetized by ketamine and xylazine i.m., followed by pentobarbitone i.v. Excitatory neurotoxin kainic acid (2 mg/ml in artificial CSF, total volume of 55-100 nl) was pressure microinjected into the medullary midline, ros...

introduction: the antinociceptive effect of morphine is, in part, mediated through the activation of a descending pathway. one of the major components of this pathway is the nucleus raphe magnus (nrm). our previous study demonstrated the involvement of nrm in the analgesic effect of morphine microinjected into the nucleus cuneiformis (ncf) in a descending manner. the aim of the current study wa...

a b s t r a c tintroduction: the nucleus cuneiformis (ncf) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlpag), two adjacent areas, mediate the central pain modulation and project to the nucleus raphe magnus (nrm). methods: this study examined whether the antinociceptive effect of morphine microinjected into the ncf is influenced by inactivation of vlpag and nrm in rats. animals were bilaterally micr...

This article describes the use of an alternative expansion scheme called Floquet-Magnus expansion (FME) to study the dynamics of spin system in solid-state NMR. The main tool used to describe the effect of time-dependent interactions in NMR is the average Hamiltonian theory (AHT). However, some NMR experiments, such as sample rotation and pulse crafting, seem to be more conveniently described u...

We have used double-label in situ hybridization techniques to examine the cellular localization of GABAB receptor mRNA in relation to serotonin transporter mRNA and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in the rat dorsal raphe, median raphe and raphe magnus nuclei. The degree of cellular co-localization of these markers notably varied among the different nuclei. In the dorsal raphe, cell bodies show...

Medullary raphe magnus (RM) on and off cells are thought to modulate spinal nociception by gating withdrawals evoked by noxious stimulation. To test whether withdrawal initiation is the target of RM modulation, we examined the relationship between on and off cell discharge and motor withdrawal evoked by noxious laser heat in halothane-anesthetized rats. The cellular responses of both cell types...

The Neotropical genus Alloraphes Franz belonging to the tribe Cyrtoscydmini is revised. Alloraphes is redefined based on a detailed morphological study, and Parastenichnaphes myrmecophilus (Franz) is transferred back to Alloraphes, where it was originally placed. Alloraphes jamaicae Franz, A. peruanus Franz, A. lenkoi Franz, A. yucatani Franz, A. chiapasensis Franz and A. myrmecophilus Franz, s...

BACKGROUND Serotonergic raphespinal neurons and their fibers have been mapped in large mammals, but the non-serotonergic ones have not been studied, especially in the mouse. The present study aimed to investigate the termination pattern of fibers arising from the hindbrain raphe and reticular nuclei which also have serotonergic neurons by injecting the anterograde tracer BDA into them. RESULT...

Infection of a prosthetic knee joint with Peptostreptococcus magnus in an immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis is described. The organism is a skin commensal, generally thought to be of low pathogenicity; the difficulty in making the diagnosis is emphasised.