This paper deals with an optimal replenishment policy for deteriorating items with multi-variate demand and partial backlogging. The proposed model allows for (1) multivariate demand replenishment cycles, (2) partial backlogging, and (3) time-varying shortage intervals. Consequently, the proposed model is in a general framework for that inventory models includes these above assumptions. We show...

This paper investigates the optimal inventory replenishment policy for an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with backordering, rework and machine breakdown taking place in stock piling time. A prior paper by Chiu has examined the lot-sizing problem on an imperfect quality EPQ model. Due to another reliability factor random machine breakdown seems to be inevitable in most real world manuf...

I n this paper, we study a single-product periodic-review inventory system that faces random and price-dependent demand. The firm can purchase the product either from option contracts or from the spot market. Different option contracts are offered by a set of suppliers with a two-part fee structure: a unit reservation cost and a unit exercising cost. The spot market price is random and its real...

asimulation-optimization approach is proposed for replenishment planning andshelf space allocation. the customers’ demand is divided into fixed andvariable demand. each customer follows a given path while shopping in thestore. by dividing the store space into several zones and calculating therelated substantial and random utilities, an analytical equation is proposedfor the probability of zone ...

Under basal conditions the action potential firing rate of adrenal chromaffin cells is lower than 0.5 Hz. The maintenance of the secretory response at such frequencies requires a continuous replenishment of releasable vesicles. However, the mechanism that allows such vesicle replenishment remains unclear. Here, using membrane capacitance measurements on mouse chromaffin cells, we studied the me...

  The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. In this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. The system receives ...

Retail replenishment is a high-value activity. According to the US Commerce Department, $1.1 trillion in inventory supports $3.2 trillion in annual US retail sales [...]. Improving distribution centre efficiency of just a few percentage points through advanced automation and real-time replenishment may deliver significant savings and require less capital to be tied up in inventory. An interesti...

this paper develops a mathematical model using differential equations and considers a bullwhip effect in a supply chain network with multiple retailers and distributors. to ensure the stability of the entire system and reduce the bullwhip effect, a robust control method and an inventory replenishment policy are proposed. this shows that the choice of the output matrix may reduce the bullwhip ef...