-Based on ∆∑ modulator, an on-chip analog ramp generator for ADC BIST (Built-in Self Test) is presented. Technique uses the over-sample and ∆∑ noise shaping to generate the on-chip precise analog ramp with the precise control of a calibrator of ramp slope. Moreover, because of over-sample and ∆∑ noise shaping, the design of analog circuits is simplified, and is tolerant to the mismatch of techn...

The general purpose of this study is to develop both efficient and equitable freeway ramp control strategies. Measures of efficiency and equity for ramp meters are defined and applied to data collected in the Twin Cities ramp metering shut-off experiment. A trade-off between efficiency and equity is evident from the results of data analysis. A new time-dependent optimization program for the glo...

AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated RAMP, a complete starter feed, to have beneficial effects for animal performance. However, how RAMP may elicit such responses is unknown. To understand if RAMP adaptation results in changes in the rumen bacterial community that can potentially affect animal performance, we investigated the dynamics of rumen bacterial community composition in corn-adapted an...

Structure functions are used to study the dissipation and inertial range scales of turbulent energy, to parametrize remote turbulence measurements, and to characterize ramp features in the turbulent field. Ramp features are associated with turbulent coherent structures, which dominate energy and mass fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer. The analysis of structure functions to identify ramp c...

This study presents a real-time crash prediction model and uses this model to investigate the effect of the local traffic-responsive ramp metering strategy on freeway safety. Safety benefits of ramp metering are quantified in terms of the reduced crash potential estimated by the real-time crash prediction model. Driver responses to ramp metering and the consequent traffic flow changes were obse...

The goal of the study is to collect a comprehensive set of freeway and on-ramp operational data for the assessment of ramp metering systems. This paper is a presentation of data and initial findings for vehicle operations on loop ramps; a small subset of the larger project. The results reported here focus on the changes in modal activity (e.g. speed/acceleration) that occurred on two of the stu...

Receptor activity modifying protein-3 (RAMP-3) has been shown to complex with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, establishing a functional receptor for adrenomedullin (AM). AM exhibits potent antiproliferative and antimigratory effects on rat mesangial cells (RMCs). In this study we investigated the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on RAMP-3 expression in RMCs. We show here t...

Three hundred six crossbred steers (703 ± 1 lb) were used to determine effects of adapting steers to a finishing diet using RAMP for 14 to 30 d on steer performance and carcass characteristics. RAMP treatments were compared to a traditional step-up procedure (CON) utilizing an initial concentration (DM-basis) of 32.5% steam-flaked corn (SFC), 45% alfalfa hay (ALF), 20% Sweet Bran, and 2.5% supp...

This paper presents a high-quality and area-efficient ramp generator to be used for on-chip testing of analog and mixed-signal circuits. An original adaptive scheme is developed to palliate the inaccuracy of a basic ramp generator. As a result, the proposed adaptive ramp generator exhibits very good performances in terms of slope precision and ramp linearity while maintaining a low area overhead.