Introduction Scattering of optical radiation by materials is a topic that has received much attention over the past 100 years. One particular type, Raman scattering, was first observed by C.V. Raman in 1928, and since then this inelastic scattering process has found many uses in basic and applied science. Raman scattering can be used to make spectroscopic measurements, or exploited to build Ram...

A tutorial article is presented for the use of linear and nonlinear Raman microspectroscopies in biomedical diagnostics. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is the most frequently applied nonlinear variant of Raman spectroscopy. The basic concepts of Raman and CARS are introduced first, and subsequent biomedical applications of Raman and CARS are described. Raman microspectroscopy is a...

Direct Raman imaging techniques are demonstrated to study the drug distribution in living cells. The advantage of Raman imaging is that no external markers are required, which simplifies the sample preparation and minimally disturbs the drug mechanism during imaging. The major challenge in Raman imaging is the weak Raman signal. In this study, we present a Raman image model to describe the degr...

the surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) spectra of maleic (cis; 2-butaneoic acid) and fumaric (trans; 2-butaneoic acid) acids adsorbed on aqueous silver sol particles are reported. these two acids form two groups of isomers which differ only in the relative positions of the two carboxylate groups. the photochemistry of maleic and fumaric acids adsorbed on the surface of silver colloids is ...

Resonance Raman cross sections are generally larger than normal or preresonance Raman cross sections. Thus, higher Raman intensities are expected for resonance excitation, especially for backscattering measurements. However, self absorption decreases the observed Raman intensities. In the work here we examine the effect of self absorption on the observed preresonance and resonance Raman intensi...

The Raman scattering of a molecule is generated by interactions of its electrons with incident light. The electric vector of the Raman scattered light is related to the electric vector of the incident light through a characteristic Raman tensor. A unique Raman tensor exists for each Raman-active molecular vibrational mode. In the case of biologically important macromolecules Raman tensors have ...

The linewidth of a KGd(WO ₄) ₂ (KGW) intracavity pumped Raman laser is analyzed experimentally for different configurations of the Raman and pump laser resonators: with narrow and broadband pump emission profiles, with and without linewidth narrowing elements in the Raman laser resonator, with and without injection seeding into the Raman cavity. The benefits of a narrow linewidth pump source in...

Resulting from the combination of Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy, Raman hyperspectral imaging has proven to be an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical field. This article will broach a number of Raman hyperspectral imaging applications that were developed in our laboratory, in order to demonstrate the significance of the technique. Raman Spectroscopy Raman Hyperspectral Imaging: ...