Precipitation variability and magnitude are expected to change in many parts of the world over the 21st century. We examined the potential effects of intra-annual rainfall patterns on soil nitrogen (N) transport and transformation in the unsaturated soil zone using a deterministic dynamic modeling approach. The model based on TOUGHREACT [corrected], which has been tested and applied in several ...

[1] Rainfall variability occurs over a wide range of time scales owing to processes initiated by cloud microphysics and sustained by atmospheric circulation. A central topic in rainfall research is to determine whether rainfall variability at a given scale is caused by dynamics acting at some other scales. Random multiplicative cascades (RMCs) are standard approaches for describing rainfall var...

The Federal District is a politically and economically important part of Brazil, which suffers from water stress. Exploratory analyzes were conducted using data on rainfall in the Federal District from the monthly precipitation time series to assess the rainfall variability in January, a month that falls in the middle of the rainy season in the region. A time series of 30 years (1981–2010), rec...

Distributions of drop sizes can be expressed as DSD=Nt×PSD, where Nt is the total number of drops in a sample and PSD is the frequency distribution of drop diameters (D). Their discovery permitted remote sensing techniques for rainfall estimation using radars and satellites measuring over large domains of several kilometers. Because these techniques depend heavily on higher moments of the PSD, ...

studies of rainfall variation generally focus on large areas. for example, in india, the area average monsoon rainfall series of the whole country or meteorological subdivisions are used. this would be of no use for local agriculture, particularly in places where rainfall is very high or very low, especially for crops like small cardamom and vanilla which are very sensitive to soil moisture and...

The effect of rainfall inhomogeneity within the sensor field of view (FOV) affects significantly the accuracy of rainfall retrievals causing the so-called beam-filling error. Observational analyses of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) data suggest that the beam-filling error can be classified in terms of the mean rain rate and the rai...

A coupled modeling framework is used in this study to investigate the effect of subgrid-scale rainfall variability on the spatial structure of the evolving storm and on other surface variables and water and energy fluxes. The Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model coupled with the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme is combined w...