Several passive microwave satellites orbit the Earth and measure rainfall. These measurements have the advantage of almost full global coverage when compared to surface rain gauges. However, these satellites have low temporal revisit and missing data over some regions. Image fusion is a useful technique to fill in the gaps of one image (one satellite measurement) using another one. The proposed...

Driving through rain results in reduced visual performance, and car designers have proposed countermeasures in order to reduce the impact of rain on driving performance. In this paper, we propose a methodology dedicated to the quantitative estimation of the loss of visual performance due to the falling rain. We have considered the rain falling on the windshield as the main factor which reduces ...

Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors measure simultaneously the light intensity and the scene distance on a pixel basis. Environmental effects, like rain droplets between the scene and the ToF camera, have an impact on the distance accuracy of the sensor. Optical raytracing simulations were performed to study rain influence in detail. The 3D simulation setup comprises all relevant elements inclu...

Hourly or 3-hourly precipitation data from Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 satellite products and rain gauge records are used to characterize East Asian summer monsoon rainfall, including spatial patterns in June–August (JJA) mean precipitation amount, frequency, and intensi...

A particular aspect of the nonstationary nature of intermittent rainfall is investigated. It manifests itself in the fact that the average rain rate varies with the distance to the surrounding dry areas. The authors call this fundamental link between the rainfall intensity and the rainfall occurrence process the ‘‘dry drift.’’ Using high-resolution radar rain-rate maps and disdrometer data, the...

Accurate and reliable rain rate estimates are important for various hydrometeorological applications. Consequently, rain sensors of different types have been deployed in many regions. In this work, measurements from different instruments, namely, rain gauge, weather radar, and microwave link, are combined for the first time to estimatewith greater accuracy the spatial distribution and intensity...

This paper presents the bit error rate (BER) upper bounds for trellis coded asymmetric 8PSK (TC-A8PSK) system using the Ka-band satellite in the rain fading environment. The probability density function (PDF) for the rain fading random variable can be theoretically derived by assuming that the rain attenuation can be approximated to a log-normal distribution and the rain fading parameters are c...

The visual appearance of rain is highly complex. Unlike the particles that cause other weather conditions such as haze and fog, rain drops are large and visible to the naked eye. Each drop refracts and reflects both scene radiance and environmental illumination towards an observer. As a result, a spatially distributed ensemble of drops moving at high velocities (rain) produces complex spatial a...