background: considering the importance of an early diagnosis and proper decision-making in regards to the treatment of pediatric distal radius and elbow fractures, this study examines emergency medicine specialists’ accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. methods: from 2012 and 2013, children less than 14 years old who were referred to an academic hospital emergency departmen...

The presence of the residual stresses in bone tissue has been noted and the authors have reported that there are residual stresses in bone tissue. The aim of our study is to measure the residual stress distribution in the cortical bone of the extremities of vertebrates and to describe the relationships with the osteon population density. The study used the rabbit limb bones (femur, tibia/fibula...

Bone defects are repaired using either natural or synthetic bone grafts. Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are widely used as synthetic materials for tissue engineering. This study aimed to investigate the bone-healing capacity of PCL/PLGA/duck beak scaffold in critical bone defects and the oxidative stress status of the graft sit...

esophagus having different tissues has a special role in the gastrointestinal tract. among different species, layers of the esophagus, have a substantial difference. also, diameter of esophagus varies in different parts of it.the information of histological structure of rabbit and guinea pig esophagus is still incomplete. therefore, the present study was conducted. therefore, for review and com...

Background: The ability of polyclonal antibodies to react with many epitopes of an antigen makes them valuable reagents in research and diagnosis. The aim of this study was purification of mouse IgG2a and production of polyclonal antibody against purified mouse IgG2a subclass. Materials and Methods: Mouse IgG2a was purified by ProA affinity. Verification method of the purified antibody was S...

  Electrocochleography (ECoG) records the electrophysiologic activity of the most peripheral part of the auditory system, the inner ear cochlea and the 8th nerve. Auditory evoked potentials being recorded are Cochlear Microphonic (CM) and Summating Potential (AP). In order to provide the proper background for laboratory research and introducing an ECoG curve of a model animal, it was decided to...

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a hormone-like regulator of sympathetic neuron ontogeny and metabolism affects its target cells initially by associating with specific plasma membrane receptors. We have solubilized the NGF receptor of adult rabbit superior cervical ganglia (SCG) with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. The high-affinity equilibrium binding constant of the detergent-extracted recepto...

This paper deals with the threshold radius that warrants the use of single restraining rail for transit and railroads. Different railways use different threshold radius from 91m to 365m to provide restraining rail. These threshold figures are probably experience driven choices. The need for restraining rail may be related to a so-called derailment alarm coefficient of 1.2 sustained over 2m leng...

a‎s we know, developing mathematical models and numerical procedures that would appropriately treat and solve systems of linear equations where some of the system's parameters are proposed as fuzzy numbers is very important in fuzzy set theory. for this reason, many researchers have used various numerical methods to solve fuzzy linear systems. in this paper, we define the concepts of midpoint a...