We show a theorem proving that non-local bosonic field upon covariant interaction with confining gauge undergoes the confinement of its degrees freedom present in free theory changing completely physical mass spectrum following Kugo-Ojima criterion. This is applicable to an infinite number excitations including ghosts whereas we pay special attention modes complex conjugate masses, states appea...

Non-canonical degrees of freedom provide one the most promising routes towards characterising a range important phenomena in condensed matter physics. Potential candidates include pseudogap regime cuprates, heavy-fermion behaviour, and also indeed magnetically ordered systems. Nevertheless it remains an open question whether non-canonical algebras can fact legitimate quantum freedom. In this pa...

This study presents a new approach for physical and material modeling of space frame-raft-soil system. The physical modeling consists of a modified Thimoshenko beam bending element with six degrees of freedom per node to model the beams and columns of the superstructure, a modified Mindlin's plate bending element with five degrees of freedom per node to represent the structural slabs and raft, ...

Discussed is the structure of classical and quantum excitations of internal degrees of freedom of multiparticle objects like molecules, fullerens, atomic nuclei, etc. Basing on some invariance properties under the action of isometric and affine transformations we reviewed some new models of the mutual interaction between rotational and deformative degrees of freedom. Our methodology and some re...

Gait rehabilitation using body weight support on a treadmill is a recommended rehabilitation technique for neurological injuries, such as spinal cord injury. In this paper, a new robotic orthosis is presented for treadmill training. In the presented design the criteria such as low inertia of robot components, backdrivability, high safety and degrees of freedom based on human walking are conside...