Rabies is a vaccine-preventable fatal zoonotic disease. Uganda, through the veterinary surveillance system at National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), captures animal bites (a proxy for rabies) on monthly basis from districts. We established trends of incidence corresponding post-exposure prophylactic anti-rabies vaccination in humans (PEP), associated mortality rat...

BACKGROUND The rabies virus causes a fatal encephalitis and can be transmitted through organ transplantation. In 2013, a man developed rabies 18 months after receiving a kidney from a donor with rabies, who was not known to have been infected when the organs were procured. Three additional persons who received organs from the same donor (liver, kidney, heart), all of whom were not vaccinated fo...

background: nanoparticles have been considered as promising tools because of their high applicability. recently, nanoparticles have been evaluated for their ability to increase the immune responses as adjuvants. silver-nanoparticles (agnps) have shown promising results in enhancing th-2 immune responses and to produce potent neutralizing antibodies. neutralizing antibodies are considered as the...

Rabies is a fatal acute viral zoonosis, causing 62,000 human deaths every year. The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs of foxes, the main reservoir of rabies in Europe, are the most effective tools to control and finally to eradicate the disease. In order to characterize by in vivo and in vitro assays a vaccine rabies strain isolated from a rabid cattle following the ORV program, it has bee...

Rabies is an acute, fatal, neurological disease that affects almost all kinds of mammals. Vaccination (using an inactivated rabies vaccine), combined with administration of rabies immune globulin, is the only approved, effective method for post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies in humans. In the search for novel rabies control and treatment strategies, live-attenuated viruses have recently em...

Rabies encephalitis has a classical clinical presentation and its diagnosis is unmistakable. In about a fifth of cases rabies occurs as its paralytic form, which lacks the classic symptoms and may mimic other diseases, especially acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in rabies shows a distinct abnormal pattern that differentiates it from ADEM. Henc...

The ability to successfully and consistently vaccinate foxes, dogs, and raccoons with modified live virus rabies vaccine (ERA) in the liquid form is an accomplished fact. However, methods of incorporating the vaccine virus into an acceptable bait for field distribution remains a major stumbling block to progress in the practical application of oral rabies vaccination. In addition, we have been ...

These recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) update the previous recommendations on human rabies prevention (CDC. Human rabies prevention--United States, 1999: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1999;48 [No. RR-1]) and reflect the status of rabies and antirabies biologics in the United States. This statement 1) provides ...

The aim of this study was to understand the use and distribution of human rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccine in Bhutan and to identify risk factors for receiving an incomplete course of the vaccine. We analyzed post exposure treatment records from 28 medical hospitals from 2005 to 2008. Males (59%) accounted for significantly more PEP events than females (41%) across all age groups ...

Effective, safe, and affordable rabies vaccines are still being sought. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has shown promise as a vaccine vector for mammals. Here, we generated a recombinant avirulent NDV La Sota strain expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) and evaluated its potential to serve as a vaccine against rabies. The recombinant virus, rL-RVG, retained its ...