We study road supply by competing firms between a single origin and destination. In previous studies, firms simultaneously set their tolls and capacities while taking the actions of the others as given in a Nash fashion. Then, under some widely used technical assumptions, firms set a volume/capacity ratio that is socially optimal, and thus the level of travel time or service quality is socially...

Maritime transport is the foundation of global supply chain connections and economic development with shipping ports estimated to manage more than 80 per cent world merchandise trade by volume over 90 value, according United Nation Conference on Trade Development (UNCTAD) 2020. Consequently, when severed covid-19 pandemic occur, there are absolute disruption networks which hugely undermined int...

Abstract. There is substantiated the need to modernize transport area of Ukraine in view state obligations adopted during signing international environmental agreements. It argued that adoption United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its further implementation by Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement require signatory States take measures minimize anthropogenic impact CO2 emissions e...

IMPORTANCE Research focusing on plasticity has shown adult neurogenesis in hippocampal subfields. Chronic alcoholism is associated with decreased plasticity and reduced whole hippocampal volume that could contribute to neuropsychiatric characteristics and outcome of the disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of alcohol abstinence on neuronal plasticity measured as longitudinal volume ch...

Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) N-terminal extension (NTE) activates myosin in thick filaments. RLC phosphorylation plays a primary regulatory role in smooth muscles and a secondary (modulatory) role in striated muscles, which is regulated by Ca(2+)via TnC/TM on the thin filament. Tarantula striated muscle exhibits both regulatory systems: one switches on/off contraction ...

In transportation planning there can be long lead times to adapt capacity. This paper addresses two questions. First, in a one mode world (say rail or road), what is the optimal capacity choice when faced with uncertain demand, long lead times and congestion. Using a simple analytical model it is shown that when demand is inelastic, it is socially optimal to invest more than if only the expecte...

research rated 3a and 3b. A statement released by the council said, “The overall improvement in research ratings, combined with the limited amount of funds, means that there will inevitably be some reduction in levels of funding for departments rated below 5*.” Newby has estimated that an extra £200 million a year would have to be found if departments were to be funded on the same basis as befo...

Hydrolysis of ATP by partition ATPases, although considered a key step in the segregation mechanism that assures stable inheritance of plasmids, is intrinsically very weak. The cognate centromere-binding protein (CBP), together with DNA, stimulates the ATPase to hydrolyse ATP and to undertake the relocation that incites plasmid movement, apparently confirming the need for hydrolysis in partitio...

Dyavanapalli J, Rimmer K, Harper AA. Reactive oxygen species alters the electrophysiological properties and raises [Ca ]i in intracardiac ganglion neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R42–R54, 2010. First published May 5, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00053.2010.—We have investigated the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) donors hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tert-butyl hydr...