In this work, which is related to the current European Parliament Regulation on restrictions affecting refrigeration, four new three-component refrigerants have been proposed; all were created using low Global Warming Potential(GWP) synthetic and natural refrigerants. The considered mixtures consisted of R32, R41, R161, R152a, R1234ze (E), R1234yf, R1243zf, RE170. These theoretically tested wit...

Every day people face waiting time in queues when going to the grocery store, checking in at the airport or leaving the stadium parking lot after a sports event. Often the facility where they are waiting for service will open at a specific time, and the agents will most likely be serviced in order of arrival using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue discipline. In this paper we consider a game ...

Sonny G. Sundaresan Copeland Corporation Sidney, Ohio, U.S.A. HCFC 22 currently used in Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump applications, is being replaced by R407C and R410A, both HFC 32 based blends. Scroll compressors are being developed to meet the improved efficiency and other system performance requirements in Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump products in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific. L...

The paper reports laboratory experiments with a two route choice scenario. In each session 18 subjects had to choose between a main road M and a side road S. The capacity of M was larger. Feedback was given in treatment I only on the subjects’ own travel time and in treatment II on travel time for M and S. The main results are as follows: • Mean numbers on M and S are near to pure equilibrium. ...

We specify and estimate a joint model of residential density, vehicle use, and fuel consumption that accounts for both self selection effects and missing data that are related to the endogenous variables. Our model is estimated on the California subsample of the 2001 U.S. National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS). Comparing two California households that are similar in all respects except...

Mexico City’s bus rapid transit (BRT) network, Metrobus, was introduced in an attempt to reduce congestion, increase city transport efficiency and cut air polluting emissions. In June 2005, the first BRT line in the metropolitan area began service. We use differences-indifferences and quantile regression techniques in undertaking the first quantitative policy impact assessment of the BRT system...

Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is a G-protein-linked receptor on platelets and perivascular cells activated by alpha-thrombin and the PAR-1-activating peptide, SFLLRN. alpha-Thrombin activates PAR-1 by cleaving it at R41-S42 to release the 41-residue peptide TR(1-41). Unexpectedly, platelet activation with SFLLRN was also associated with PAR-1 cleavage and the release of TR(1-41). Both P...

Value of Time: Speeding Behavior and Gasoline Prices Do drivers reduce speeds when gasoline prices are high? Previous research investigating this energy conservation hypothesis produced mixed results. We take a fresh look at the data and estimate a significant negative relationship between speeding and gasoline prices. This presents a new methodology of deriving the ‘Value of Time’ (VOT) based ...

In April 2009 the US government unveiled its blueprint for a national network of high-speed passenger rail (HSR) lines aimed at reducing traffic congestion, cutting national dependence on foreign oil and improving rural and urban environments. In implementing such a program, it is essential to identify the factors that might influence decision making and the eventual success of the HSR project,...

Different kinds of networks, such as transportation, communication, computer, and supply networks, are susceptible to similar kinds of inefficiencies. These arise when congestion externalities make the cost for each user depend on the other users’ choice of routes. If each user chooses the least expensive (e.g., the fastest) route from the users’ common point of origin to the common destination...