Pursuant to Resolution CE120.R11 of the Executive Committee (1997), which recommends strengthening technical support for specific initiatives aimed at the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, the PAHO Program on Noncommunicable Diseases has developed an approach that integrates health promotion, primary prevention, and management of noncommunicable diseases. This rationale is bas...

We study an overlapping generations model of human capital accumulation with threshold effects using regional data for West Germany. Our basic goal is to shed light on what makes German regions grow. The paper finds that the relative income distribution appears to be stratifying into a trimodal distribution. Thus, application of the threshold model to a real world case, here West Germany, shows...

In this paper, by employing the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) techniques and Chinese provincial level data from 1991 to 2003, we empirically investigate the relationship between finance and growth in post-reform China. We find that financial development significantly promotes economic growth in coastal regions but not in inland regions; the weak finance-growth nexus in inland provinces has...

The destructive late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans is notorious for its rapid adaptation to circumvent detection mediated by plant resistance (R) genes. We performed comparative genomic hybridization on microarrays (array-CGH) in a near genome-wide survey to identify genome rearrangements related to changes in virulence. Six loci with copy number variation were found, one of which invo...

Protein misfolding and aggregation cause serious degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and type II diabetes. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is the major component of amyloid deposits found in the pancreas of type II diabetic patients. Increasing evidence suggests that β-cell death is related to the interaction of hIAPP with the cellular membrane, which accelerates peptide aggregat...

The giant neurons R3-14 in the parietovisceral ganglion of Aplysia, originally proposed to be a homogeneous group of neuroendocrine cells, are likely candidates for a multifunctional and multiple messenger status. The studies reported here suggest that individual R3-14 giant neurons not only innervate specific target tissues but appear to operate more autonomously than previously thought. Ident...

We study the behavior of D-branes at distances far shorter than the string length scale ls. We argue that short-distance phenomena are described by the IR behavior of the Dbrane world-volume quantum theory. This description is valid until the brane motion becomes relativistic. At weak string coupling gs this corresponds to momenta and energies far above string scale. We use 0-brane quantum mech...

abstract issue: in economic literature, there are two hypotheses regarding the link between economic development and gender inequality. the first gender inequality decreases with economic development. second, economic development increases gender inequality. this research is conducted to investigate the effects of economic development on gender inequality according to kuznets gender curve in ir...

BACKGROUND The weightlessness caused by prolonged bed rest results in changes in cerebral circulation and thus, brain functions, which is of interest. METHODS We investigated the effects of 45-day, -6° head-down bed rest, which stimulated microgravity, on working memory in 16 healthy male participants. The 2-back task was used to test the working memory variations on the 2nd day before bed re...