Intranasal vaccination is particularly a striking route for mucosal immunization, due to the ease of administration and the induction of both mucosal and humoral immunity. However, soluble antigens (Ag) are not sufficiently taken up after the nasal administration and need to be co-administered with adjuvants, penetration enhancers or encapsulated in particles. So, in this study, tetanus toxoid ...

intranasal vaccination is particularly a striking route for mucosal immunization, due to the ease of administration and the induction of both mucosal and humoral immunity. however, soluble antigens (ag) are not sufficiently taken up after the nasal administration and need to be co-administered with adjuvants, penetration enhancers or encapsulated in particles. so, in this study, tetanus toxoid ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary quillaja saponin and curcumin (extract of turmeric) can modify piglet immune status and performance immediately after weaning. Piglets (n = 192) were weaned at 29 +/- 0.1 d and allocated to treatment (six replicates of eight pig per treatment) accounting for weight, litter, and gender, using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were...

The incorporation of lucerne meal in the diet of chicks prevents normal gains in weight (Alder, 1946; Draper, 1948; Cooney, Butts & Bacon, 1948; Lepkovsky, Shaeleff, Peterson & Perry, 1950; Heywang, 1950; Kodras, Cooney & Butts, 1951 a, b). This effect is attributed to the saponin fraction of lucerne (Peterson, 195oa, b; Heywang & Bird, 1954), which has been shown to be a complex mixture of rel...

A total of 96 pigs (initially 19 lb and 17 d of age) was used in a 28 d growth trial to determine the effects of Quillaja saponaria (QS) extract on weanling pig growth performance and immune function in response to enteric disease challenge with Salmonella typhimurium (ST). Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial with main effects of disease challenge (control vs. ST challeng...

Extracts of the Quillaja saponaria tree contain natural surfactant molecules called saponins that very efficiently stabilize foams and emulsions. Therefore, such extracts are widely used in several technologies. In addition, saponins have demonstrated nontrivial bioactivity and are currently used as essential ingredients in vaccines, food supplements, and other health products. Previous prelimi...

Saponins are natural detergents (surfactants) found in a variety of plants. The two major commercial sources are desert plants: Yucca schidigera from Mexico and Quillaja saponaria from Chile. Yucca saponins have a steroid nucleus, whereas Quillaja saponins are triterpenoid in structure. Saponins contain a lipophilic nucleus (steroid or triterpenoid) and one or more water– soluble carbohydrate s...

The effect of two different commercial products Quillaja saponaria saponin extract on mortality the free-living copepodite stage sea-lice Caligus rogercresseyi were assessed in vitro. Parasites exposed for 24 hr to concentrations extracts and then observed until 30 non-Quillaja media. EC50 EC90 evaluated at hr. High mortalities copepodites obtained higher doses (500 ppm) both extracts. Higher u...

Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies f...