Purpose. To compare the costs of femoral head banking versus bone substitutes. Methods. Records of femoral head banking from 1998 to 2008 were reviewed. The cost of allogenic cancellous bone graft was calculated by estimating the direct expenditure of femoral head procurement, screening tests, and storage, and then divided by the amount of bone harvested. Results. 326 females and 141 males (mea...

Reproductive division of labour is a hallmark of eusociality, but disentangling the underlying proximate mechanisms can be challenging. In bumblebees, workers isolated from the queen can activate their ovaries and lay haploid, male eggs. We investigated if volatile, contact, visual or behavioural cues produced by the queen or brood mediate reproductive dominance in Bombus impatiens. Exposure to...

Variation in queen number alters the genetic structure of social insect colonies, which in turn affects patterns of kin-selected conflict and cooperation. Theory suggests that shifts from single- to multiple-queen colonies are often associated with other changes in the breeding system, such as higher queen turnover, more local mating, and restricted dispersal. These changes may restrict gene fl...

Eliza S. F. Cardozo Centro de Informática Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CIn UFPE) Recife, PE, Brasil [email protected] J. Benito F. Araújo Neto Centro de Informática Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CIn UFPE) Recife, PE, Brasil [email protected] Alexandre Barza Centro de Informática Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CIn UFPE) Recife, PE, Brasil [email protected] A. César C. Franç...

James P. Fisher, Igor A. Fernandes, Thales C. Barbosa, Eliza Prodel, John H. Coote, Antonio Claudio L. Nóbrega, and Lauro C. Vianna School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; and School of Clinica...

The modern queens maintenance systems are based on the use of artificial insemination, queens’ maintenance in the so called „queens bank” , in this way assuring an increased economic efficiency in beekeeping. This study aimed to compare the economic efficiency of the implementation of A.I. to various queen bees maintenance systems. Three alternatives have been taken into account: V1-a queen bee...

1 Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2 School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, 3 School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, 4 Instit...