NOVEL INHIBITORS OF THE BACTERIAL DE NOVO PURINEBIOSYNTHESIS ENZYMES, N-CARBOXYAMINOIMIDAZOLERIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHETASE AND MUTASEbyMARIA V FAWAZAugust 2012 Advisor: Dr. Steven M. FirestineMajor: Pharmaceutical SciencesDegree: Master of ScienceAntibiotic resistance has seen a significant increase during the past decade. Theincreasing frequency of the drug-...

1. A method of measurement in vitro of purine biosynthesis de novo in human circulating blood lymphocytes is proposed. The rate of early reactions of purine biosynthesis de novo was determined by the incorporation of [14C]formate into N-formyl glycinamide ribonucleotide when the subsequent reactions of the metabolic pathway were completely inhibited by the antibiotic azaserine. 2. Synthesis of ...

Rates of purine synthesis de novo, as measured by the incorporation of [14C]formate into newly synthesized purines, have been determined in cultured human fibroblasts derived from normal individuals and from patients deficient in adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, three consecutive enzymes of the purine salvage pathway. All four type...

Normal human lymphoblasts starved for each of several essential, but not nonessential, amino acids had decreased DNA and RNA synthesis but no change in free intracellular purine nucleotides. The rates of purine nucleotide synthesis via the de novo and salvage pathways were measured by incorporating [14C]formate and [“C]hypoxanthine labels, respectively, into lymphoblasts starved for an amino ac...

Previous experiments have shown that when hypoxanthine is synthesized de novo from formate, glycine, and CO2 in extracts or homogenates of pigeon liver these substrates are utilized for purine synthesis in the molecular ratio of 2: 1: 1 (1). Formate is the precursor of carbon atoms 2 and 8 of the purine base; glycine, of atoms 4, 5, and 7; and CO2 of atom 6 (2, 3). The present problem originate...

This study was designed to answer the question whether human lymphocytes and spleen cells were capable of de novo purine biosynthesis. Experiments were carried out in cell-free extracts prepared from human spleen, and from a cell line established from Burkitt lymphoma. Burkitt lymphoma cells and human spleen cells could synthesize the first and second intermediates of the purine biosynthetic pa...

5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in the salvage of adenine and methylthio moieties of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to adenine nucleotides and methionine, respectively. The gene encoding MTAP, MTAP, is frequently codeleted along with the tumor suppressor gene p16 in malignant cells bearing homozygous deletions in the chromos...

Purine metabolism is crucial in living cells and involves three complex pathways in plants: the de novo synthesis, the salvage, and the degradation pathways. The relative importance of each pathway in plant development and reproduction, however, is still unclear. We identified two T-DNA insertions in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PUR4 gene (At1g74260) that encodes formylglycinamidine r...

The p16(INK4A)/CDKN2A gene on chromosome 9p21 is a site of frequent allelic loss in human cancers, and in a subset of cases, homozygous deletions at this locus encompass the telomeric methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene. The MTAP gene product is the principal enzyme involved in purine synthesis via the salvage pathway, such that MTAP-negative cancers are solely dependent on de novo pu...

The pathway for the utilization of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) as an exogenous purine source in Salmonella typhimurium was examined. In strains able to use DAP as a purine source, mutant derivatives lacking either purine nucleoside phosphorylase or adenosine deaminase activity lost the ability to do so. The implied pathway of DAP utilization was via its conversion to DAP ribonucleoside by purine nu...