the life history, behavior and morphology of the immature stages of enochrus quadripunctatus herbst from iran are studied. the results of the work on the life history and behavior of this species in the immature stages and as newly-emerged adults have been presented as part i. the morphology of the egg cases, larvae, pupae, and the male genitalia of the adult is covered in the present work. mea...

This paper reports the first occurence of the parasite Aphaereta sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) which was collected from Peckia chrysostoma pupae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) by means of traps containing some fish baits in a wood area close to the Agronomy college (Faculdade of Agronomia) in Itumbiara, Goiás, in the period from March to September, 2001. A total of 362 gregarious specimens...

OBJECTIVE To test whether community mobilization adds effectiveness to conventional dengue control. DESIGN Pragmatic open label parallel group cluster randomized controlled trial. Those assessing the outcomes and analyzing the data were blinded to group assignment. Centralized computerized randomization after the baseline study allocated half the sites to intervention, stratified by country, ...

We investigated the effect of mutual interference on the attack efficiency and the rate of successful parasitism on the parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Perkins) attacking pupae of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Female parasitoids (2, 4, 8, 16, or 32) were exposed to 100 fly pupae during 24 h. The number of pupae that were attacked and the number successfully parasitized increased with ...

The causes of declines in bees and other pollinators remains an on-going debate. While recent attention has focussed upon pesticides, other environmental pollutants have largely been ignored. Aluminium is the most significant environmental contaminant of recent times and we speculated that it could be a factor in pollinator decline. Herein we have measured the content of aluminium in bumblebee ...

Honey bees (Apis melliferaL.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) have been selectively bred for varroa-sensitive hygiene (VSH), which is the removal of pupae that are infested byVarroa destructor Anderson&Trueman fromcappedbrood cells. This hygienic behavior is a complex interactionof bees and brood inwhich brood cells are inspected, and then brood is either removed or recapped. Previous work has shown that...

Diapause is a fundamental component of the life cycle in the majority of insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development, energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity, metabolic rate trajectories and lipid ...

As dengue continues to emerge as a major public-health problem world-wide, efforts to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti must become more effective and efficient. Results from larval and pupal surveys applied in Venezuela illustrate the uniqueness of the information gained from pupal surveys; information that is lost when traditional Stegomyia indices are calculated. As most Ae. aegypti pu...

We compared the mechanisms of resistance to Varroa destructor displayed by bees bred for Suppression of Mite Reproduction (SMR) and hygienic behavior (HYG). Mites from SMR and HYG source colonies were introduced into recently sealed SMR and HYG worker brood, and the infested pupae were placed either into recipient colonies or into an incubator. SMR colonies removed significantly more miteinfest...

The mass rearing of parasitoids represents a fundamental stage for programmes of biological control. The progeny of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were evaluated on previously refrigerated pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Forty-eight to 72 hours-old pupae of B. mori were stored at 10 °C for five, 10, 15 or 20 days and then ex...