signals via a pathway involving c-Fos, which indicates the inhibition of excitatory C fibers and long-term depression. It has also been suggested to alter gene expression in neurons by means of neuromodulation. Another popular theory is the stimulation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic system and induction of descending pathways. In our clinical practice, we introduce the RF cannula between...

We report the successful use of water-cooled radiofrequency where more traditional forms of neuroablation-conventional and pulsed radiofrequency-had failed to achieve adequate pain relief. We also discuss the mechanism of neural damage with water cooled radiofrequency and discuss why this technique may have a broader role in the management of a wide array of pain syndromes.

While undergoing full thickness tissue harvest from the posterior scalp, a 72-year-old man experienced immediate severe pain in the right occiput and was unable to complete the procedure. The pain was constant "sharp" and "shocking" with numbness in the distribution of the lesser occipital nerve, exacerbated by physical activity, and local anesthetic blocks provided temporary complete relief. A...

The post-amputation (pain) syndrome, including stump pain, phantom limb sensation, and phantom limb pain is common but difficult to treat. Refractory stump pain in the syndrome is an extremely challenging and troublesome clinical condition. Patients respond poorly to drugs, nerve blocks, and other effective treatments like spinal cord stimulation and surgery. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) techniq...

conclusions prf of the trigeminal ganglion should be further evaluated as an alternative treatment method for tn. results the percentages of patients who showed excellent pain relief (≥ 80% pain relief) at 2, 6, and 12 months were 73.5% (25/34), 61.8% (21/34), and 55.9% (19/34), respectively. the percentages of patients showing satisfactory pain relief (50–80% pain relief) at 2, 6, and 12 month...

Introduction Melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are conditions commonly encountered by dermatologists, they often distressing to patients. While PIH can improve with time once the inflammatory process is controlled, melasma a condition that requires prolonged treatment maintenance. There numerous options, ranging from UV protection topical therapies (such as hydroquinone), mor...

background whiplash patients regard cervicogenic headache (ceh) as the most burdensome symptom of their condition. sufferers experience a significant degree of disability from headache, associated neck pain and disability, and sleep disturbance. lateral c1/2 joint pulsed radiofrequency (prf) treatment has been shown to produce significant relief from headache in patients with ceh. objectives th...