BACKGROUND The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in Africa is on the rise, even in low-HIV prevalence settings. Few studies have attempted to identify possible reasons for this. We aimed to identify risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in those attending a general outpatients clinic in The Gambia, a sub-Saharan African country with relatively low HIV prevalence in the community and in TB patients. ...

T HE auscultatory and phonocardiographic characteristics of ventricular septal defects have been the subject of several studies,'-5 none of them dealing specifically with the features of small defects. The present study represents an attempt to define the phonocardiographic pattern of ventricular septal defect with a small left-to-right shunt and normal pulmonary artery pressure. It was hoped t...

It has been suggested that species with high breathing frequencies have pulmonary stretch receptors which adapt more rapidly than species with low breathing frequencies. This has proved not to be so. Our hypothesis is that this theory is in fact correct if modified so that overall rate of adaptation of afferent vagal activity, i.e. the sum of stretch and rapidly adapting receptors, is considere...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) has always been vital for planning control strategies. It has now gained further importance for monitoring the impact of interventions to control the disease. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of bacillary tuberculosis in the district of Faridabad in Haryana State of India among persons aged older than ...

presence likely are presented. A systematic search for Aspergillus precipitins in the sera of 136 patients was undertaken with A. fumigatus antigens. By this method two cases of pulmonary aspergilloma were diagnosed and later confirmed at operation. In a third patient the immunological diagnosis was negative but an aspergilloma was found at operation. This finding is discussed and a possible hy...

the place of s8 is taken by an arbitrarily fixed number s' which is put for so in equation (7). For the channel of the present section Theorems 8 and 9 then hold verbatim with C4 replaced by C(. For a channel slightly more general than that of this section a noncomputable definition of C5 was given by Blackwell, Breiman, and Thomasian,8 who proved a coding theorem and weak converse. (Brief proo...

We report the case of a well-controlled female asthmatic who developed 'multiple pulmonary hamartomas' on three separate occasions over a period of 25 years that necessitated surgical resection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent hamartomas in a single individual necessitating multiple thoracotomies.

An audit of 690 cases of tuberculosis out of 46,276 patients seen during the last 25 years in a busy general practice is reported. Of the 690 cases, 67% were pulmonary, 33% extra-pulmonary TB. Modes of both types of tuberculosis are described and the reason for increased incidence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are discussed.