Alterations in the NO pathway play an important role in the development of convulsive seizures via the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure animals. We previously reported that the background NO levels under physiological conditions negatively regulate convulsive seizures, while excess NO levels under pathologic conditions positively regulate PTZ-induced...

Non-selective benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, interact with equivalent affinity and agonist efficacy at GABA(A) receptors containing either an alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 or alpha5 subunit. However, which of these particular subtypes are responsible for the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam remains uncertain. In the present study, we examined the ability of diazepam to reduce pentylenetetrazoLe ...

Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras are able to dynamically modify their field of view. This functionality introduces new capabilities to camera networks such as increasing the resolution of moving targets and adapting the sensor coverage. On the other hand, PTZ functionality requires solutions to new challenges such as controlling the PTZ parameters, estimating the ego-motion of the cameras and calibr...

The present study investigated whether the expression of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the rat brain is altered following an acute self-limited seizure induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Male rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single convulsive dose (45 mg/kg) of PTZ, and the matched controls were given saline. For immunohistochemistry, animals were perfused with...

The effects of a single convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 45 mg/kg i.p.) on rat brain gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors were studied. Selected GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs were measured by Northern blot analysis (with beta-actin mRNA as a standard). Four hours after PTZ, the GABAA receptor gamma2-mRNA was decreased in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum; alpha1-...

Adenosine exerts neuromodulatory functions with mostly inhibitory effects, being considered an endogenous anticonvulsant. The hydrolysis of ATP by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of this nucleoside concentration through its deamination. In this study, we tested the effect of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizu...

Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras are widely used in video surveillance tasks. In particular, they can be used in combination with static cameras to provide high resolution imagery of interesting events in a scene on demand. Nevertheless, PTZ cameras only provide a single trajectory at a time. Hence, engineering algorithms for common computer vision tasks, such as automatic calibration or tracking, f...

− Treatment of mice with Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) changed glutamic acid and GABA content in the mouse brain tissue with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion. KRG were orally administered at a dose of 50, 100 mg/kg for two weeks. The electroconvulsions (MES) and PTZ-induced convulsion were reduced but those induced by strychnine, bicuculine and picrotoxin were not. PTZ-induced convulsion ...

OBJECTIVE Seizures are one of the neurodegenerative disorders of human being. Metformin has antioxidant properties and commonly used as an oral antidiabetic drug. The current study was aimed to observe the neuroprotective effect of metformin against PTZ-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in human cortical neuronal cell culture. METHODS To observe that exposure of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) at t...

The aim of this study was to prepare a pentazocine (PTZ) matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) using acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Among the five Duro-Tak adhesive polymers tested (87-9301, 87-2677, 87-201A, 87-2196, 87-2852), in vitro dissolution studies demonstrated the highest PTZ release flux from the Duro-Tak 87-9301 matrix. In addition, the effects of permeation enha...