BACKGROUND Cooking butter is one of the most popular types of fat consumed in Egyptian houses. It is produced in villages by rural women that are usually using their traditional knowledge during manufacturing. OBJECTIVE To study the rate of contamination and hygienic quality of cooking butter METHODS A total of 60 random samples of cooking butter, were collected from different farmers' hous...

A promoter-fusion study with a Tn 5-based promoter probe vector had earlier found that the hutU gene which encodes the enzyme urocanase for the histidine utilization pathway is upregulated at a lower temperature (4 degrees C) in the Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. To examine the characteristics of the urocanase gene and its promoter elements from the psychrotroph, the c...

Pseudomonas species adapt well to hostile environments, which are often subjected to rapid variations. In these bacteria, the outer membrane plays an important role in the sensing of environmental conditions such as temperature. In previous studies, it has been shown that in the psychrotrophic strain P. fluorescens MF0, the major porin OprF changes its channel size according to the growth condi...