Introduction Psychotherapy is a treatment of proven efficacy in bipolar disorder (BD), but little known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that it produces brain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) thought to be important neuroplasticity could increased by psychopharmaceuticals psychotherapy BD patients, evidence literature limited. Objectives To analyze scientific studies relate...

from the ancient times up to this date, it has been thought that religion and spirituality have important effects on human being's mental life. however, some psychologists and psychotherapists have ignored this role, and thus neglected to study the effects of applying religion and spirituality in psychotherapy. however, many psychologists and psychotherapists have recently studied the relations...