Clusters are described by phonotactics, which determines phonological conditions and constraints on the occurrence or co-occurrence of sounds in a given language (e.g., [pstr-] in Polish pstrąg ‘trout’, [-ps] in English lapse). Syllables, morphemes or words serve as domains of phonotactics. However, the functions of phonotactics – to achieve easily pronounceable and perceptable sequences – may ...

PURPOSE To investigate the different components of full-field flash electroretinogram (ERG) responses in adult albino and pigmented rats at various time intervals following optic nerve transection (ONT). METHODS In adult Sprague-Dawley (SD, albino) and Piebald-Viral-Glaxo (PVG, pigmented) rats, the left optic nerve was transected intraorbitally to induce retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. ERG...

Abstract Panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) is applied to obtain thresholds in certain variables classify the regions into regimes (high or low). Data for of Spain over period 1986–2010 are used. In general, results point a positive (negative) relationship between fiscal (administrative) decentralization and economic growth with low public infrastructure stock per efficient worker high h...

Based on the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model, this paper empirically analyzes relationship between Chinese local government’s bond financing and economic growth, with quarterly data of bonds issued by governments their investment platform companies in open market from 2008 to 2018 as samples. The research shows that there is a gradual non-linear government growth China. With inc...

The article contributes to the existing literature by examining nonlinear effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on development Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) countries during 1980-2019. These multiply their FDI attraction policies in order enrich national externalities offered local businesses and benefit from some positive effects economy terms growth, technology, know-how, etc. Using panel smoo...

This paper studies the existence for a set of countries of an inflation threshold above which its effect on economic growth is negative, considering the speed of transition from one inflation regime to the other. Using a panel data set of above 120 countries for the period after the Second World War, we apply a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model with fixed effects. The estimated th...

We study the effects of monetary policy surprises on stock returns under low and high uncertainty in U.S. using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model to identify regimes. Monetary are unexpected changes Federal Funds Rate (FFR) Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcement days, where mimicking portfolio method is used obtain a regular time series with since announcements occur an irregul...