We consider pseudo-unitary quantum systems and discuss various properties of pseudounitary operators. In particular we prove a characterization theorem for block-diagonalizable pseudo-unitary operators with finite-dimensional diagonal blocks. Furthermore, we show that every pseudo-unitary matrix is the exponential of i = √ −1 times a pseudo-Hermitian matrix, and determine the structure of the L...

The ideals of the ring Zp are {0} and pZp, n ≥ 0. From this it follows that Zp is a discrete valuation ring, a principal ideal domain with exactly one maximal ideal, namely pZp; Zp is the valuation ring of Qp with the valuation vp. For n ≥ 1, Zp/pZp is isomorphic as a ring with Z/pZ. |x|p = p−vp(x), dp(x, y) = |x− y|p. With the topology induced by the metric dp, Qp is a locally compact abelian ...

We recall that a ring R is called near pseudo-valuation ring if every minimal prime ideal is a strongly prime ideal. Let R be a commutative ring, σ an automorphism of R. Recall that a prime ideal P of R is σ-divided if it is comparable (under inclusion) to every σ-stable ideal I of R. A ring R is called a σ-divided ring if every prime ideal of R is σ-divided. Also a ring R is almost σ-divided r...

let r be a ring and v be a matrix valuation on r. it is shown that, there exists a correspondence between matrix valuations on r and some special subsets ?(mvpr) of the set of all square matrices over r, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings and abelian valuation functions on a division ring. furthermore, based on malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for t...

We find a characterization of those Polish ultrametric spaces on which each Baire one function is first return recoverable. The notion of pseudo-convergence originating in the theory of valuation fields plays a crucial role in the characterization.

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of n-fold obstinate pseudo-hoop and n-fold obstinate filter in pseudo-hoops. Then we investigated these notions and proved some properties of them. Also, we discussed the relationship between n-fold obstinate pseudo-hoop and n-fold obstinate filter and other types of n-fold pseudo-hoops and n-fold filters such as n-fold (positive) implicative filter and ...

‎The decomposition $Gamma=BH$ of a group $Gamma$ into a subset B ‎and a subgroup $H$ of $Gamma$ induces‎, ‎under general conditions‎, ‎a ‎group-like structure for B‎, ‎known as a gyrogroup‎. ‎The famous‎ concrete realization of a gyrogroup‎, ‎which motivated the emergence ‎of gyrogroups into the mainstream‎, ‎is the space of all ‎relativistically admissible velocities along with a binary ‎mbox{...