The objectives of this chapter are twofold: firstly to introduce DNA computation, and secondly to demonstrate how DNA computing can be applied to solve large, complex combinatorial problems, such as the optimal scheduling of a group of elevators servicing a number of floors in a multi-storey building. Recently, molecular (or wet) computing has been widely researched not only within the context ...

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used as a powerful tool for providing surface information of micro and nanostructures. In recent years, SEM methods for observing wet samples under atmospheric pressure have been reported by some investigators [1-2]. With these methods, the sample space is separated by a thin transparent membrane from vacuum environment where electron beam is prop...

Pelvic exenteration in advanced malignancies is usually a curative procedure aimed at improving quality of life. We analyzed the perioperative data and outcomes in 12 patients who underwent simultaneous urinary and fecal diversion with a double-barreled wet colostomy after total pelvic exenteration. Eight males and four females aged between 25 and 73 years underwent the procedure with mean oper...

We propose a safe, simple, and novel method to harvest fat using a standard liposuction cannula and a Redivac or alternative closed-suction drain. The authors have used this technique for both 'dry' and 'wet' liposuction. This technique is both easy to perform and cost-effective whilst providing both a silent and relatively atraumatic fat harvest. The lower negative pressure compared with tradi...

A simple technique for the collection and equilibration of capillary samples of blood is described for the measurement of pH, PCO(2), and standard bicarbonate by the interpolation method. The possible errors of collecting blood in open-ended capillary tubes containing wet heparin are examined. The method has proved to be accurate, providing the technique is strictly adhered to, and has proved e...

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for Healthcare Facilities (NFPA 99) requires that wet location patient care areas be provided with “special protection against electric shock.” This paper will list the hazards associated with electric shock and the interruption of electrical power. An Isolated Power System (IPS) is one way of providing such protection, and has the inhere...

background: many azoospermic patients with non obstructive azoospermia (noa) are candidate for testicular sperm extraction (tese) and in vitro fertilization. because sperm might be present in some but not all parts of the testes of such men, multiple sampling of testicular tissue are usually necessary to increase the probability of sperm finding. sperm finding can be done by two methods: 1) cla...

A method for the analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in whole fish homogenate is presented and applied to 60 fish samples collected from the Ohio, Missouri, and upper Mississippi Rivers in 2005. Method accuracy ranged between 86 and 125% with limits of quantitation between 0.2 and 10 ng/g wet weight. Intra- and inter-batch precision was generally +/-20%. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PF...

Month-long integrations with a regional climate model covering Europe and the Northern Atlantic are utilized to study the sensitivity of the summertime European precipitation climate with respect to the continental-scale soil moisture content. Experiments are conducted for July 1990 and 1993. For each of the two months, the control experiment with the initial soil water distribution derived fro...