Protamine sulfate is a positively charged polypeptide widely used to reverse heparininduced anticoagulation. Paradoxically, prospective randomized trials have shown that protamine administration for heparin neutralization is associated with increased bleeding, particularly after cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The molecular mechanism(s) through which protamine mediates this ...

Background Although aberrant protamine (PRM) ratios have been observed in infertile men, the mechanisms that implicit the uncoupling of PRM1 and PRM2 expression remain unclear. To uncover these mechanisms, in this observational study we have compared the PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio and mRNA contents of two regulatory factors of these genes. MaterialsAndMethods In this experimental study, sampling was ...

Protamine was investigated for its antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of protamine and its hydrolysate and their bactericidal activity. Protamine inhibited the growth of all periodontopathic bacteria tested on agar plates. Protamin...

Methods used to maintain a hemostatic balance during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery include the optimization of heparin and protamine dosing. Higher heparin doses have been associated with increased bleeding, while other studies have attributed reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements to lower protamine doses. We have evaluated the use of an in vitro heparin and protamine titration syste...

Abstract Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some genes which are involving in sperm maturation, are considered as one of the main reason for male infertility. Any changes in protamine genes may cause abnormal histone-protamine replacement during spermiogenesis and have been indicated to cause sperm DNA damage and infertility. Objective: The aim of present case-control study w...

Protamine sulfate is considered a weak anticoagulant, yet little is known concerning the mechanism of this effect or its relation to prior heparin exposure. This investigation defined the influence of increasing doses of protamine, with and without prior heparin anticoagulation, on the activated clotting time (ACT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin tim...

Sperm protamine deficiency has been associated with human male infertility. However, the aetiology of deregulated protamine expression remains elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the underlying aetiology of protamine deficiency in male infertility patients with deregulated protamine expression. Protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) protein concentrations were compared against P...

s:1993:"Background: There are many approaches that gene expression is controlled in eukaryotes. DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic mechanisms that cells use to control gene expression and lock genes in the "off" position. In addition, sperm DNA damage can correlate with DNA methylation defect. There is evidence that sperm of infertile men contain more DNA damage than fertile men and t...