background:estrogens play a substantial role in the proliferation, progression and treatment of breast cancer by binding with two estrogen receptors, alpha and beta (erα and erβ). resistance to endocrine therapy is a major problem in the treatment of breast cancers and, in some cases, may be related to loss of er gene expression. we have already showed that erα methylation occurs in high freque...

The aims of this study were to compare the promoter sequence of the mannose-binding lectin (cMBL) gene in Iranian native and commercial chicken strains; as well as to compare the cMBL gene expression in crossbred and inbred chickens. In total 79 native (Western Azerbaijan native fowls, WANF) and 49 commercial (Arian Commercial Strain, ACS) birds were reared as parents under same management prac...

Background and Objectives: Significant progress has been made in treatment of hemophilia. Ex-vivo gene therapy is going popular due to the capability of this method in using isogenic cells for genetic manipulation and reintroducing them into same host after proliferation. Most gene therapy techniques use viral vectors, which usually harbor a strong and non-specific promoter (e...

camv 35s promoter activity has not been analysed in different stages of growth in oil-seed (b. napus). higher plants lack intrinsic β-glucuronidase activity, thus enhancing the sensitivity with which measurements can be made. the binary transformation vector pvw432 (buchanan-wollaston, unpublished), carrying the gus gene fused to the camv 35s promoter, was used to test transformation efficienci...

the purpose of this research was to investigate promoter factors in nanotechnology development as related to iranian agriculture sector. the method of the research was applied survey. the target population of the study was researchers of national research centers/institutes (n=187) of whom 123 individuals were selected for the study. a questionnaire was developed and its validity evaluated thro...

current investigations indicate different in vitro infection patterns for oka and dumas strains. infection of cells in culture with dumas strain produces lower number of infectious particles while the oka strain is highly infectious in vitro. it is postulated that weak expression of the replication genes in dumas strain may be the reason for the attenuated phenotype. the objective of this stud...

myostatin is a growth factor belonging to the tgfß superfamily. tgfß growth factors are active in the regulation of embryonic development and in tissue homeostasis in adults. myostatin is a growth factor controlling proliferation of myoblasts in embryonic development. mutations in coding sequences of the bovine myostatin (gdf8) gene lead to muscle hyperplasia suggesting its inhibitory function ...