background & purpose: there are occupational hazards related to nitrous oxide (n2o) in hospitals operating and recovery rooms. these hazards include the decrease of mental performance and audio-visual ability, and reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion and neurological, renal and liver diseases. in this survey, the concentration of nitrous oxide in indoor air of hospitals operating and recover...

Global optimization based on evolutionary algorithms can be used as the important component for many engineering optimization problems. Evolutionary algorithms have yielded promising results for solving nonlinear, non-differentiable and multi-modal optimization problems in the power systems area. Differential evolution (DE) is a simple and efficient evolutionary algorithm for function optimizat...

As a nonlinear, non-convex and large scale optimization problem including both continuous and discrete control variables, security-constrained optimal power flow (SC-OPF) is one of the most important power system problems which need a superior optimization technique to be effectively solved. Inspired by the mating process of honey bees, honey bee mating optimization (HBMO) is a recently invente...

This paper presents the application of Water Wave Optimization Algorithm (WWOA) for solving economic dispatch problems including practical generator constraints. WWOA is inspired by the shallow water wave theory. The efficiency of the WWO Algorithm for solving economic dispatch problems is demonstrated by implementing it on three test systems having three, six and fifteen generating units with ...

Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is one of the essential components in power system control and operation. Although conventional ELD formulation can be solved using mathematical programming techniques, modern power system introduces new models of the power units which are non-convex, non-differentiable, and sometimes non-continuous. In order to solve such non-convex ELD problems, in this paper we p...

This paper presents artificial bee colony optimization for solving multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line constraints considering transmission losses, multiple fuels, valve-point loading and prohibited operating zones. Artificial bee colony optimization is a swarm-based algorithm inspired by the food foraging behavior of honey bees. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm...