because of a lack of means to match the traditional operating rules and regulations with time dependent variant of water needs in the present irrigation networks, a considerable portion of available water is wasted in these systems. this makes research on methods of operation and determination of types of controls as well as optimization approaches, attainable through using hydrodynamic models ...

Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. The kinase RIP1 is crucial for programmed necrosis, but also mediates activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-kappaB. We postulated that additional molecules are required to specifically activate programmed necrosis. Using a RNA interference screen, we identified the ki...

In a simulated casino environment, 6 nonpathological women played concurrently available commercial slot machines programmed to pay out at different rates. Participants did not always demonstrate preferences for the higher paying machine. The data suggest that factors other than programmed or obtained rate of reinforcement may control gambling behavior, which should encourage behavior analysts ...

Programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. Several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. Casp...

Genome remodeling occurs in cells as either a slow evolutionary process, or a rapid programmed developmental process. Intriguing examples of each type permeate the tree of life. This summer REU will feature research projects related to rapid programmed developmental processes. Algorithmic details of the developmental program of an organism allow one to investigate the mathematical and technolog...

Apoptosis is a genetically controlled form of cell death that is an important feature of animal development and homeostasis. The genes involved in the control and execution of apoptosis are conserved throughout evolution. However, the actual molecular mechanisms used by these genes vary from species to species. In this review, we focus on the genetic components of apoptosis in the fruit fly Dro...

Five behaviorological features of programmed instruction are outlined: behavioral objectives, reinforcement, activity rate: high and relevant, successive approximation, and mastery progression. Each of these topics is explained, and examples are given to illustrate the differences between programmed instruction and the more common 'transmission' model of teaching. A final section provides sugge...