Recent issues of ARE Update featured articles evaluating the failures of two California marketing cooperatives, Tri Valley Growers (TVG) and Rice Growers Association (RGA). Along with Blue Anchor’s dissolution and Calavo’s conversion, these combined events have created doubts about the future of cooperatives in California agriculture. Restructured forms of cooperatives are emerging. For example...

Several definitions of diversification exist. Such motivation for diversification could apply Typically, the concept is dynamic and refers to-the equally to proprietary or cooperative forms of relationship among various activities or enterprises in business. which the firm is engaged. As new activities are The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively acquired by a firm from some existing base...

This paper analyzes how producer cooperatives may bene t households in rural environments. In particular, it explores if cooperatives help poor households to exit poverty through three mechanisms: increases in prices, total factor productivity, and relaxation of credit constraints. In a multi-period model I characterize the conditions that must hold so that the always poor can exit poverty when...

OBJECTIVE This article examines the impact of contracting health care provision to health care cooperatives in Costa Rica. METHODOLOGY The article uses a panel dataset on health care outputs in traditional clinics and cooperatives in Costa Rica from 1990-99. RESULTS Controlling for community socioeconomic characteristics, annual time trends and clinic complexity, the cooperatives conducted ...

1. introduction handicrafts as the most important item of iran historical identity and a cause for economic growth and development in the modern world show the tribal and native specifications this land. handicrafts have played an effective role in cultural changes from long years ago. in many of iranian cities and rural districts handicrafts are produced and hand-woven carpets are the most imp...

This paper aims at positioning producer cooperatives within the Transaction Cost Economics theory, one of the most cited and prolific theories on management studies. To accomplish this goal, I will answer the questions what is a cooperative, which transactions producer cooperatives regulate, under which market conditions they operate, and where are the boundaries for such organizations. This pa...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of livestock cooperatives in improving economic status of animal holders in Hamedan province. The study has used a surveying methodology. For gathering data a structured questionnaire was used and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha test and it was (α=0.80). The research samples consisted of 300 animal holders (beef cattle breeder...

The general purpose underlying this study is to investigate the factors involved in the success of poultry growers' cooperatives in the provinces of Western Azarbayjan, Ilam, Hamedan, Khuzistan and Kohgilouyeh and Boweir Ahmad. Using the cluster sampling method and the Cochran’s formula, 21 cooperatives and their members and mangers were selected from among 21 cooperatives with 1305 members. St...

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting farmers’ level of satisfaction in agricultural production cooperatives ofGuilan Province, Iran. To this aim, library studies were conducted, and 15 factors affecting farmers’ satisfaction were identified. Next, they wereprioritized byfield studies using a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of members of agri...

the purpose of this study was to investigate economic impacts (including production costs, mechanization growth, changes in productivity per area, changes in the size of the cultivated area and productivity of production inputs) and ecological impacts (including protecting the environment from degradation and soil erosion as well as sustainable use of chemical fertilizers) of rural agricultural...