In this paper we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single user individuals or firms, and open collaborative innovation projects. We analyze the design costs and architectures and communication costs associated with each model. We conclude that innovation by individual users and also open collaborati...

Feedlot closeout data is an important tool for measuring cattle performance and management practices for cattle production systems. Often, closeouts are quickly scrutinized by feedlot managers and cattle owners for economics and typical performance measurements and then filed. Unfortunately, a plethora of data that is reported in closeout reports is never adequately analyzed. A dichotomy of dat...

Resistance to oxyimino cephalosporins antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae is primarily done by the extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Clear identification of risk factors for ESBL-producing infections is necessary. Therefore, efficient strategies can be developed to decrease outbreak of these infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial susceptibility and ESBLs patter...

A theoretical non-risk model was hypothesized to Harvest response to production and asymmetric explain the monthly harvest of food-size catfish. price risk was analyzed using an ordinary least After initial estimation, risk variables were incorposquares model. Statistically significant responses to rated into the model to account for production, input production-quality and output price risk we...

The incidence of community-onset bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producers is increasing. The adverse effects of ESBL production on patient outcome have been recognized and this antimicrobial resistance has significant implications in the delay of appropriate therapy. However, a simple scoring algorithm that can easily, inexpensively, and accurately be applied to clini...

Pork producers selected from the National Pork Board`s producer database were surveyed. Five (3.7%) reported being diagnosed with a MRSA infection. Risk factors related to swine farm biosecurity were examined. None were statistically significant predictors of MRSA infection.

Recent studies suggest that chronic inflammation is crucial in the development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in intraprostatic inflammation and thus carcinogenesis. The -174G > C polymorphism of IL-6 gene has been associated with high IL-6 producer phenotype and an increased risk for CaP. The aim of this...

Genetic variations in TGF-β and IFN-γ may interfere with proinflammatory cytokine production and, consequently, may be involved with inflammatory diseases, as acute kidney injury (AKI). We considered that genetic polymorphisms of these cytokines may have a crucial role in the outcome of critically ill patients. To investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of rs1800470 (codon 10 T/C), rs1800...