Writing quality is dependent upon the organization and sequencing of cognitive processes during writing. College students need writing-strategy advice that tailored to their individual needs cognizant already-established writing processes. However, there an obstacle providing such advice: Both instructors writers lack awareness moment-by-moment actions by which text was produced. This because s...

The studies on the merits of processing instruction (PI) and output-based instruction (OI) have mostly treated the two approaches as mutually exclusive. To address the potentials of combining interpretation and production activities, this research compared the two isolated approaches of PI and OI with two combined approaches in which processing and output tasks were used in two opposite orders ...

abstract the present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of it system-based instruction vs. traditional instruction of teaching english on iranian low-intermediate efl learners’ reading comprehension ability in a smart school in tonekabon, mazandaran, iran. to collect the data, 60 low-intermediate high school learners took part in the study. as to the homogeneity of the participants,...

This research analyzed the teacher-directed instruction against the effectiveness of inquiry-based instruction at a subject school in Alabama for 5 grade science and mathematics. The Alabama school changed the science and mathematics curriculum for a period of 3 years and in the process became an Alabama Math, Science and Technology (AMSTI) school. During the process there was extensive profess...

Wiki use may help EFL instructors to create an effective learning environment for inquiry-based language teaching and learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wikis on the EFL learners’ IBL process. Forty-nine EFL students participated in the study while they conducted research projects in English. The Non-wiki group (n = 25) received traditional inquiry instr...

We have created a calculus for reasoning about hardware and rmware at the algorithmic state machine (ASM) and instruction-set processor (ISP) levels of description. The calculus is a value-passing process algebra that extends the Mealy machine model to include parallel composition. It supports reasoning about the composed behavior of synchronous ASM and ISP components and microcode. We present ...

this study was inspired by vanpatten and uludag’s (2011) study on the transferability of training via processing instruction to output tasks and mori’s (2002) work on the development of talk-in-interaction during a group task. an interview was devised as the pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest to compare four intervention types for teaching the simple past passive: traditional intervention ...