Often persuaders have a richer understanding of the world than their audience. This paper models such situations by letting persuader and audience have prior beliefs with different supports. This asymmetry adds unexplored aspects to the persuasion problem: Persuaders can hide their superior knowledge or surprise their audience with unexpected information; After surprises Bayes’ rule cannot desc...

"Fat talk" describes women discussing their bodies disparangingly for impression management while interacting with one another. This study examined whether college females deliberately alter their self-reported body image according to characteristics of their prospective audience. This study was a mixed experimental design with four audience conditions (private, public, female audience, male au...

OBJECTIVE The images of smiling people are omnipresent in marketing. Frequency, smile characteristics, context of the smile and target audience in newspaper advertisements were points of interest of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four examiners analyzed 600 advertisements from 46 European magazines and newspapers by using content and framing analysis. Twenty items of the analysis form the p...

The guideline group was selected to be representative of UKbased medical experts. The drafting group met and communicated by e-mail. Draft guidelines were revised by consensus. Since the initial guideline published by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH; Colvin & Barrowcliffe, 1993) evidence-based guidelines on the use and monitoring of heparin have been included in the Ame...

BACKGROUND An evaluation of the 2010 ECDC guidance on HIV testing, conducted in October 2015-January 2016, assessed its impact, added value, relevance and usability and the need for updated guidance. METHODS Data sources were two surveys: one for the primary target audience (health policymakers and decision makers, national programme managers and ECDC official contact points in the European U...

Knowledge of physical conditions in molecular clouds is a prerequisite for deriving the distribution of molecular material in the Milky Way and other galaxies, understanding star formation within these dense regions, the stellar initial mass function, and appreciating the eeects of interaction of young stars with their natal environment. In this lecture, I review some of the basic techniques fo...

The legacy and future of the ‘ethnographic film’ has been subject much scrutiny refinement in recent decades, mirroring reinvention ethnography itself. A number innovative strands such as observational film, direct cinema, sensory ethnographic film have attempted to reframe beyond its narrative expository documentary origins. In reinventing film’, filmmakers addressed important questions regard...

Communicators' tuning of a message to suit their audience's attitude about a targel can bias their subsequent memory of the target. Research shows that this effect occurs to the extent that the message serves the creation of a shared reality with the audience. In two experiments we investigated the motivational processes underlying such audience-tuning memory biases. Experiment 1 found that whe...