Pharmaceutical industry investigators routinely evaluate the potential for a new drug to modify cytochrome p450 (p450) activities by determining the effect of the drug on in vitro probe reactions that represent activity of specific p450 enzymes. The in vitro findings obtained with one probe substrate are usually extrapolated to the compound's potential to affect all substrates of the same enzym...

Mutations in particular nucleotides of genes coding for drug targets or drug-converting enzymes lead to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For rapid detection of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens, a simple and applicable method is needed. Eight TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes, which discriminate one-base mismatches, were designed (dual-probe assay with fou...

Nucleotide changes in catalase peroxidase (Kat G) gene and gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpo B), responsible for isoniazid and rifampicin drug resistance were determined in the clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR-RFLP, Line probe assay and DNA sequencing. PCR-RFLP test was performed by HapII cleavage of an amplified fragment of Kat G gene to detect the tra...

this paper reviews the use of texture analysis in studying the performance of hydrophilic matrices of highly soluble drugs and different types of excipients (i.e. water-soluble, water-insoluble and swellable, and water insoluble and non-swellable). tablets were prepared by direct compression, and their swelling and erosion in presence of these different excipients were assessed with the help of...

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an important phase II metabolizing enzyme that influences drug efficacy and adverse effects. Here, we report a long-lived luminescent lanthanide complex as a probe for NAT, employing an intraligand photoinduced electron transfer strategy. The probe shows approximately 100-fold increase of luminescence upon N-acetylation catalyzed by NAT, with relatively hi...

scanning hall probe microscopy (shpm) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. this method is based on application of the hall effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor.  shpm provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...

Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) using a chemical probe to covalently bind its target in response to activation by light has become a frequently used tool in drug discovery for identifying new drug targets and molecular interactions, and for probing the location and structure of binding sites. Methods to identify the specific target proteins of hit molecules from phenotypic screens are highly valua...

Early and accurate detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis can improve both the treatment outcome and public health control of tuberculosis. A number of molecular-based techniques have been developed including ones using probe molecules that target drug resistance-related mutations. Although these techniques are highly specific and sensitive, mixed signals can be obtained when th...