Among major benefits private labels bring to the retailer, we focus on the retailer’s ability to coordinate the prices of both the national brand and its store brand counterpart. By using product-line pricing, the retailer can exploit the differentiated nature of the two brands. This paper investigates the retailer’s problem of positioning her private label and the subsequent pricing issues. Wh...

Purpose This study aims to increase the understanding of emergence a values-based (VB) premium private label (PL) brand reputation within multiple-tier PL portfolio in retailing. Design/methodology/approach By building on research PLs, image, and consumer values, this creates conceptual foundation for VB among consumers examines such empirically using interpretive exploratory qualitative ladder...

Cell-cell communication, also termed quorum sensing (QS), is a widespread process that coordinates gene expression in bacterial populations. The generally accepted view is that QS optimizes the cell density-dependent benefit attained from cooperative behaviors, often in the form of secreted products referred to as "public goods." This view is challenged by an increasing number of cell-associate...

We study three different models in which public goods are supplied by private contributions. In one of these models, tax-financed government subsidies to private contributions will definitely increase the equilibrium supply of public goods. In the other two models, government subsidies are neutralized by offsetting changes in private contributions. We explain why it is that these models lead to...

Provision of Social Goods and Soft Budget Constraints* by Lars-Hendrik Röller and Zhentang Zhang Firms in socialist and transitional economies are often obliged to provide a social good in addition to a private good, which makes it difficult for a government to commit not to bail out the firm once it is in financial trouble. This creates a soft budget constraint syndrome which causes the firm t...

We experimentally investigate the Jackson and Moselle (2002) model where legislators bargain over policy proposals and the allocation of private goods. Key comparative static predictions of the model hold with the introduction of private goods, including “strange bedfellow” coalitions. Private goods help to secure legislative compromise and increase the likelihood of proposals passing, an outco...

We experimentally investigate the Jackson-Moselle (2002) model where legislators bargain over policy proposals and the allocation of private goods. Key comparative static predictions of the model hold with the introduction of private goods including “strange bedfellow” coalitions. Private goods help to secure legislative compromise and increase the likelihood of proposals passing, an outcome no...

In this paper, the expansion of private production erodes the quality of commonly owned goods, thereby forcing individuals to rely increasingly on private goods to satisfy their needs. In the face of this deterioration, households keep their labor supplies and saving rates relatively high in spite of their increasing private wealth. By so doing, each household contributes to an increase in prod...