cooperation in iran has a long precedent but for the first time after the islamic revolution became a foundation in iranian constitutional law and was defined as a protect ional approach. as a point of view in codification of iranian constitutional act (1979) the cooperation recognized on its bases and values that has based in the world. so it is in compliance with islamic standards. it is a wa...

In the past few years secure messaging has become mainstream, with over a billion active users of end-to-end encryption protocols through apps such as WhatsApp, Signal, Facebook Messenger, Google Allo, Wire and many more. While these users’ two-party communications now enjoy very strong security guarantees, it turns out that many of these apps provide, without notifying the users, a weaker prop...

We present a proposal for a X-ray optical element suitable for X-ray microscopy and other X-ray-based display systems. Its principle is based on the Fresnel lenses condition and the Bragg condition for X– ray scattering on a slice of monocrystal. These conditions are fulfilled simultaneously due to a properly machined shape of the monocrystal with a stress at its ends.

Abstract This chapter discusses the relation between non-human animals and Kant’s ‘Formula of Humanity’, which asks us to treat humanity as an end in itself, not a mere means. The difficulties reading formula substantive principle about who deserves moral concern. views Wood Korsgaard are discussed this context. points out different interpretation on it expresses feature autonomous willing rath...

This paper reports on an extensive effort to categorize existing quantitative research on information systems implementation. By examining approximately 5000 articles from five highly ranked journals, 359 different independent variables were found and analyzed according to the principle of the hermeneutic circle. The paper ends with a presentation of the resulting framework and suggested defini...

It seems impossible to think of the Persian art without mentioning the significant presence of gardens. They are present in miniature painting, architecture, and literature. One of the modern works of Persian fiction in which gardens play a significant role is Malakut (1961), a novella by the modern Iranian fiction writer Bahram Sadeqi (1936-1984). The story of this novella begins in a “green g...

The aim of this article is to analyze nonlinear electro-magneto vibration of a double-piezoelectric composite microplate-system (DPCMPS) pursuant to the nonlocal piezoelasticity theory. The two microplates are assumed to be connected by an enclosing elastic medium, which is simulated by the Pasternak foundation. Both of piezoelectric composite microplates are made of poly-vinylidene fluoride (P...

According to a common view among Muslim philosophers, a moral agent has free will if and only if she is able to do an action when she wants to and is able to avoid it when she wants otherwise. Implicit in this view is the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP). On the other hand, according to this view, free will is dependent on requirements such as conception, judgement, tendency, decisi...