abstract background and objective: often, discharge of children against medical advice has a negative effect on the well-being of the patient. to determine the prevalence of discharge against medical advice (dama) among hospitalized children and examine the reasons given by parents/guardians for such discharges. methods: a retrospective 2-year medical records audit of children aged one day to 1...

This paper focuses on the pricing of guarantees for principal-protected funds under the constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) strategy and investigates how the CPPI parameters may affect guarantee prices. In addition, it assesses the fairness of the guarantee fees charged to the current principal-protected funds in China. Our research indicates that some of the funds are charged higher...

Publishers of scholarly journals currently obtain most of their revenue from subscription fees charged to libraries and individual users. We call this the " reader-pays " pricing model. An alternative pricing method has recently emerged, in which publishers collect their revenue by charging significant publication fees to authors, and then supply their content over the internet, at no cost to r...

Litigants are generally charged for using court services. The charges involved are usually set to achieve a combination of efficiency, equity and funding goals. This paper presents a simple model, based on regulated monopoly pricing, to address the question of how these charges should be set. We find that fixed fees generally form part of the optimal charging package, despite concerns about the...

On an increasing scale auctions are used to allocate the licenses to operate on markets which are thought not suited for free entry. According to standard economic arguments, the license fees paid at the auction will not affect consumer prices since they constitute a sunk cost. This standard view is not uncontested though. In the present paper we experimentally investigate two arguments for a p...