A total of 72124 fertility records was used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic trend of fertility traits in Iranian Holstein cow from 1981 to 2007. Fertility traits in this study were: days from calving to first service (DFS), number of insemination per conception (INS), days open (DO), interval between first and last insemination (IFL), calving interval (CI) and success to first inseminati...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate short-term effects of publishing revised lower risk national drinking guidelines on related awareness and knowledge. To examine where drinkers heard about guidelines over the same period. DESIGN Trend analysis of the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly repeat cross-sectional national survey. SETTING England, November 2015 to May 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 845 adu...

BACKGROUND The California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) has employed strategies to change social norms around smoking in order to decrease the prevalence of smoking and tobacco-related diseases. Research is scarce on CTCP's impact on overall smoking cessation in California. METHODS Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) data from 1992-1993 to 2006-2007 was used to ...

this research was conducted in the west forest of guilan, northern iran. data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. production cost has been investigated in this research. th...

PURPOSE To monitor changes in habits in drug use among Italian high school students. METHODS Cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out in Italy annually for 11 years (1999-2009) with representative samples of youth attending high school. The sample size considered ranges from 15,752 to 41,365 students and response rate ranged from 85.5% to 9...

introduction: air temperature as an important climatic factor can influence variability and distribution of other climatic parameters. therefore, tracking the changes in air temperature is a popular procedure in climate change studies.. according to the national academy in the last decade, global temperature has raised 0.4 to 0.8⁰c. instrumental records show that, with the exception of 1998, th...