Host immune responses against infectious pathogens exert strong selective pressures favouring the emergence of escape mutations that prevent immune recognition. Escape mutations within or flanking functionally conserved epitopes can occur at a significant cost to the pathogen in terms of its ability to replicate effectively. Such mutations come under selective pressure to revert to the wild typ...

The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility at Columbia University has recently added a UV microspot irradiator to a microbeam irradiation platform. This UV microspot irradiator applies multiphoton excitation at the focal point of an incident laser as the source for cell damage, and with this approach, a single cell within a 3D sample can be targeted and exposed to damaging UV. The UV micros...

The martensite-to-austenite reversion mechanisms under continuous heating and annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel subjected to cold swaging were studied. reversion-temperature-time diagram was constructed using high-resolution dilatometry. revealed a sequence martensitic diffusional recrystallization. Martensitic might be separated by the rate >10 °C/s. started via mechanism, ...

Abstract Thermo‐responsive polymers have been widely explored because of their diverse structures and functions in response to temperature stimuli. Great attention has attracted exploring designing such composites, which offer tremendous opportunities build up a systematic understanding structure–function relationships pave the ways for extensive applications electronics, soft robotics, electro...

Thousands of Apps offer guidance on exercise, and consumer electronics such as wristbands or smartphones increasingly tools to measure physical activity mobility. The promised analysis goes far beyond step counting. In sharp contrast, the evidence mobile gait based these mass products is rare at best. Seemingly trivial technologies automated personal response systems detect falls are often dysf...

In this paper, we study the online portfolio selection problem from the perspective of meta learning for mean reversion. The online portfolio selection problem aims to maximize the final accumulated wealth by rebalancing the portfolio at each time period based on the portfolio prices announced before. Mean Reversion is a typical principle in portfolio theory and strategies that utilize this pri...

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants representative of a number of genes of phage T4 were crossed with rII mutants to allow isolation of ts, rII double-mutant recombinants. The rl mutations used were characterized as frameshift mutations primarily on the basis of their revertability by proflavine. For each ts, rII double mutant, the effect of the ts mutation on spontaneous reversion of the rII mu...

Evidence was obtained which indicates that the lethal effect of 5-iodouracil (IUra) on bacteriophage T4 is not due to a mutagenic process. T4td8rIl (thymine requiring, rapid lysis) double mutants were constructed. Reversion ofT4td8rIl to r+ was measured. First, reversion by growth in the presence of the structural analogues chlorouracil (ClUra) and bromouracil (BrUra) did not correlate with the...