Oak is the most important forest tree in Kurdistan province (Iran). Fungi are associated with oak trees as parasite, saprophyte and endophyte. The endophytic fungi are known components of biodiversity and have beneficial effects on host plants. During 2012-13 in a survey on endophytic fungi of oak trees in forest regions of Kurdistan province asymptomatic samples were collected from healthy twi...

Forest restoration has become one of the most important challenges for ecology in recent years. In this regard, soil fungi are fundamental drivers forest ecosystem processes, with significant implications plant growth and survival. However, post-disturbance recovery belowground communities been rarely assessed, especially highly degraded systems such as mines. Our aim was to compare forests min...

Artemisia is a plant genus highly studied for its medicinal applications. The studies on the associated fungal endophytes are scarce. Ten plants specimens of Artemisia thuscula from Tenerife and La Palma were sampled to isolate the endophytic fungi. Identification of the endophytic fungi was based on morphology, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Large Subunit (LSU) regions sequencing and in...

The classification of Pleosporales has posed major challenges due to the lack of clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish between different groups in the order. This has resulted in varied taxonomic treatments of many families in the group including Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. In this study we employ two nuclear DNA gene markers, nucle...

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is widely cultivated to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs for the subsequent crop and can improve soil availability yields, referred as “rotation effect.” The mechanisms behind these effects may be due changes associated with rhizosphere microbial community of alfalfa. We hypothesized that a compositionally functionally distinct would colonize tomato plants grow...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina , Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits Araujia hortorum . Australia Agaricus pateritonsus soil, Curvularia fraserae dying leaf Bothriochloa insculpta millisiae yellowing tips Cyperus aromaticus Marasmius brunneolorobustus well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae necrotic Heterop...

The taxonomic position of Hetrodes pupus (Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae) was clarified by a cytogenetic study of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, including the localization of heterochromatin by C-banding. The karyotype of this species consists of 26 acrocentric autosomes and an acrocentric X chromosome, the largest element of the karyotype (2n male=27, FN=27; sex determination system is X0 male/XX...

We review the American spider genus Arachosia O.P.-Cambridge, and present a descriptive taxonomic study with a comparative dichotomous key including 21 species, of which seven are newly described (A. avalosi sp. nov., A. carancho sp. nov., A. kapiipeoi sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. monserrate sp. nov., A. pinhalito sp. nov. and A. tungurahua sp. nov.). Four species names are considered nomina...

We study the question which bipartite ordered sets are order preserving embeddable into two consecutive levels of a Boolean lattice. This is related to investigations on parallel computer architectures, where bipartite networks are embedded into hypercube networks. In our main Theorem we characterize these orders by the existence of a suited edge-coloring of the covering graph. We analyze the r...