Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the developing neocortex secrete Reelin (Reln), a glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration. CR cells selectively express p73, a p53 family member implicated in cell survival and apoptosis. Immunocytochemistry in prenatal human telencephalon reveals a complex sequence of migration waves of p73- and Reln-immunoreactive (IR) neurons into the cortical marginal zone (M...

Mouse MDSCs were obtained from three-week old male wild type mice using a modified preplate technique. The effect of VEGF on chondrogenesis using a chemical induced OA model in 10-week-old female nude rats was tested using genetically engineered MDSCs. In this model, MDSCs, transduced with a retroviral vector to express BMP4-GFP (BMP4-MDSCs), were co-injected in the joint capsule with MDSCs tra...

The distinct axonal tracts of the mature nervous system are defined during development by sets of substrate-bound and diffusible molecular signals that promote or restrict axonal elongation. In the adult cerebral cortex, efferent and afferent axons are segregated within the white matter. To define the relationship of growing efferent and afferent axons in the developing murine cortex to chondro...

INTRODUCTION: The future success of myogenic-based treatment modalities will require an enhanced understanding of the highly heterogeneous nature of the myogenic progenitor cell pool, which has been previously documented by numerous researchers. Further, for translation of experimental animal results to clinical applications, reliable in vitro selection criteria must be established and must be ...

The adult mammalian cerebral cortex arises from a complex series of neuronal migrations. The primitive layer known as the preplate is split into an outer marginal zone and an inner subplate by invading cortical plate neurons in an "inside-out" pattern of layering with respect to time of neuronal origin. In cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-deficient mice (cdk5(-/-)), the earliest born cortical n...

During development of the elegantly structured mammalian cerebral cortex, generation and subsequent migration of specialized neurons and glia within the brain follows a characteristic sequence. The earliest differentiated neurons emigrate from the telencephalic ventricular zone to form a superficial primordial layer called the preplate (Allendoerfer and Shatz, 1994). In mice, the marginal zone ...

The expression of Cxcr4 mRNA that encodes the receptor for the chemokine Sdf1 was studied during mouse brain development using in situ hybridization, from E9.5 to maturity at P21. At embryonic stages, expression is prominent in ventricular zones of stem cell proliferation. This abates during the postnatal period in parallel to the depopulation of ventricular zones. In addition, the Cxcr4 gene i...

During mammalian corticogenesis a series of transient cell layers establish laminar architectonics. The preplate, which forms from the earliest-generated neurons, separates into the marginal zone and subplate layer. To provide a systematic screen for genes involved in subplate development and function, we screened lines of transgenic mice, generated using bacterial artificial chromosome methodo...