Background: Thrombophilia has been viewed as a multigenic disorder rather than a monogenetic clinical phenotype and Apo E has been shown to play an important role in lipid metabolism in pregnancy. As individuals carrying the E4 allele of the ApoE gene have the highest risk for thrombosis, we evaluated the frequency of the Apo E4 genotype among women suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss. Mate...

AIM To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in women with recurrent pregnancy loss in first trimester in the Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study included 163 non-pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss in a gestational age up to <or=12 weeks verified by a pregnancy test or ultrasonography, and a total of 170 age matched women with at least one successful pregnancy and n...

Pregnancy is a significant event in a woman’s life, and emotional attachment to the pregnancy and developing baby may begin early in the first trimester. For most women, experiencing a first trimester loss is a difficult and vulnerable time. When it occurs, the grief can be as profound as for any perinatal or other major loss [1]. Spontaneous abortion (a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before...

Second trimester pregnancy loss is uncommon, but it should be regarded as an important event in a woman's obstetric history. Fetal abnormalities, including chromosomal problems, and maternal anatomic factors, immunologic factors, infection, and thrombophilia should be considered; however, a cause-and-effect relationship may be difficult to establish. A thorough history and physical examination ...

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to the consecutive loss of three or more clinically recognized pregnancies prior to the 20th week of gestation (excluding ectopic, molar and biochemical pregnancies). RPL is classified into two categories: primary RPL, which consists of repeated miscarriages in which a pregnancy has never been carried to viability; and secondary RPL, in which a live birth h...

To avoid the problems associated with twinning in dairy cattle, one of the embryos may be eliminated. This study compares the effect on pregnancy maintenance of two embryo reduction techniques, manual rupture (MR) and transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUGA) of allanto-amniotic fluid, in Holstein-Friesian cows with multiple pregnancies. In the first experiment, 61 lactating cows bearing...

background recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) is a serious problem for pregnancy. there is evidence that vascular complications play a principal role in rpl. methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism. polymorphisms (c677t, a1298c) of mthfr gene are associated with decreased mthfr activity. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the association betwe...