The use of Jacobians in chemical thermodynamics has focused chiefly on explicit functions. We generalize this powerful method to incorporate implicit Considering a slight deviation from equilibrium, governed by the Gibbs–Duhem equations, can simplify theories preferential solvation and adsorption significantly. Since these deviations are zero at function theorem be applied postulating their dif...

Cytoplasmic osmolytes can significantly alter the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of proteins relative to those under dilute solution conditions. Spectroscopic experiments of lysozymes in cosolvents indicate that such changes may arise from the heterogeneous, site-specific hydrophobic interactions between protein surface residues and individual solvent molecules. In pursuit of an accurate ...

Bovine serum albumin, in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride, interacts preferentially with the solvent components, as was shown by techniques in which refractometry and light scattering and equilibrium dialysis were used. If constant salt molality after dialysis is taken as the reference state for zero binding, then 0.08 f 0.03 and 0.18 f 0.05 g of salt per g of protein is bound at 3 M and 6 M sal...

The solubility of amino acids and the preferential solvent interaction of hen-egg lysozyme in acetonitrile (AN)-water mixtures (<60 w/v% AN) were investigated by means of densimetric and refractometric methods at 25 degreesC. The free energy of transfer from water to aqueous AN was negative for most nonpolar side-chains of amino acids and positive for the peptide group, the extent being compara...

The effect of solvents on the spectra, absorption, or emission of substances is called solvatochromism; it is due to solute/solvent nonspecific and specific interactions, including dipole/dipole, dipole-induced/dipole, dispersion interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Thermo-solvatochromism refers to the effect of temperature on solvatochromism. The molecular structure of certain substances, polar...

Using the picosecond spectra-streak method we monitored the dynamics of preferential solvation of a charge-transfer dipole in binary mixtures of solvents strongly different in dielectric constant. The observed slow (0.25-l ns) spectra1 red-shift of the charge-transfer (exciplex) fluorescence is considered to be mainly due to the formation and the dielectric enrichment of the salvation shell aro...

In this study, the aqueous mixture viscosities of two phenolic DESs, consisting (1 ChCl: 3 phenol) and 4 phenol), were measured at atmospheric pressure over temperature range 293.15–333.15 K. According to data, values viscosity deviations for investigated systems calculated indicate deviating behavior with respect ideality. Both showed negative entire composition all temperatures. The Redlich-K...