Organisms have developed complex endogenous defenses to counter environmental stress. The successful resistance to adversarial conditions, such as calorie or oxygen deprivation, has ensured that the strongest will survive. This lies at the root of preconditioning, that is, what is survived will strengthen; surviving mild forms of injury leads to tolerance of otherwise noxious injury. Preconditi...

Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in triggering and mediating delayed preconditioning. However, the role of NO and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in early ischaemic preconditioning is controversial. To investigate the role of eNOS in this paradigm further, the response of hearts isolated from either eNOS knockout (KO) or eNOS wild type (WT) mice to various ischaemic-preconditioning stim...

Organ damage after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues is defined as ischemia/reperfusion injury. The pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. Protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury may be achieved by preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review, we discuss basic mechan...

this study develops and analyzes preconditioned krylov subspace methods to solve linear systemsarising from discretization of the time-independent space-fractional models. first, we apply shifted grunwald formulas to obtain a stable finite difference approximation to fractional advection-diffusion equations. then, we employee two preconditioned iterative methods, namely, the preconditioned gene...

objective(s)ischemia-reperfusion injury (iri) is a leading cause of kidney transplantation failure, and ischemic-preconditioning (ipc) is a protective method against the iri. in the present study, the defensive effect of ipc on rats’ kidney was investigated and more importantly the differences between two genders were appraised.materials and methodsthirty two wistar rats were randomly allocated...

The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, in which a period of sublethal ischemia can profoundly protect the cell from infarction during a subsequent ischemic insult, has been responsible for an enormous amount of research over the last 15 years. Ischemic preconditioning is associated with two forms of protection: a classical form lasting approximately 2 h after the preconditioning ischemia f...

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of moxibustion preconditioning on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: One hundred and thirty healthy male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups: electroacupuncture preconditioning group (n=30) and moxibustion preconditioning group (n=30), aspirin preconditioning group (n=30), model group (n=30) and blank co...

BACKGROUND The ischemic preconditioning response among elderly patients is known to be lower than in adult patients. Since mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels exert preconditioning effects, we undertook this study to determine whether this attenuated activation of K(ATP) channels influences the reduced responsiveness of elderly patients to ischemic preconditioning. METHODS...

BACKGROUND Classical and delayed preconditioning are powerful endogenous protection mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion damage. However, it is still uncertain whether delayed preconditioning can effectively salvage myocardium in patients with co-morbidities, such as diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. We investigated delayed preconditioning in mice models of type II diabetes and the metabo...

To investigate the role of 12-lipoxygenase in preconditioning, we examined whether hearts lacking the "leukocyte-type" 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOKO) would be protected by preconditioning. In hearts from wild-type (WT) and 12-LOKO mice, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and (31)P NMR were monitored during treatment (+/-preconditioning) and during global ischemia and reperfusion. Postischemi...