The chemical-mineralogical characterization of rupestrian paintings in red, white, black and yellow colors, which decorate the rocky walls from archaeological sites Ema Furna dos Índios (Inhuma, Piauí, Brazil) was performed. chemical analyses were performed situ by non-invasive analytical technique X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) as well laboratory using a non-destructive approach, withou...

While the relation between classical mythology and postcolonialism may appear as an inconsistency, many postcolonial writers identify issues in literary reception of classics, look back to their own precolonial myths gain a better understanding present. In intersection myth criticism postcolonialism, this article discusses Guy Butler’s Demea, drama written 1960s but, due political reasons, not ...

We study the impact of an epidemic disease on modern financial development by exploiting geographic variations in precolonial survival conditions TseTse fly, which transmits that is harmful to humans and fatal livestock Africa. Using newly georeferenced data, we discover firms households regions historically more exposed have less access external financing today. Exploring channels, find people...

Existing research has shown that highly diverse countries tend to provide less public goods. This article argues, by contrast, that the relationship is spurious: both contemporary ethnic heterogeneity and low public goods provision represent legacies of a weakly developed state capacity inherited from the past. Classical theories of state formation are then tested to show that favorable topogra...

Any adequate account of the  genocide in Rwanda must acknowledge manipulation by external forces, domestic pressures and psychological factors. Even so, the nature of the Rwandan state must be seen as absolutely central. The genocide took place under the aegis of the state, and Rwandans were the main actors involved. Both precolonial legacies and colonial policies contributed to the formati...

• Combined ethnographic, historic, and biomolecular approaches to Swahili cuisine. Pottery lipid residue analysis revealed mixing of C 3 plants, milk, meats. Isotope results underscore 4 plant cattle/chicken consumption. Informative contrasts among residue, stable isotopic, zooarchaeological results. Multiproxy approach provides a nuanced picture precolonial urban cuisine is known across Africa...