The dorsal blastopore lip (known as the Spemann organizer) is important for making the body plan in amphibian gastrulation. The organizer is believed to involute inward and migrate animally to make physical contact with the prospective head neuroectoderm at the blastocoel roof of mid- to late-gastrula. However, we found that this physical contact was already established at the equatorial region...

In some animal groups, the secondary embryonic axis is patterned by a small group of cells, often called an organizer, that signals to other cells to establish the correct pattern of cell fates. The Dpp/BMP2-4 pathway plays a central role in secondary axis patterning in many animals [1-11], but it has not been examined during early axial patterning in spiralian embryogenesis. This is a deeply c...

The Spemann-Mangold organizer [6], also known as the Spemann organizer [6], is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces development of the central nervous system [7]. Hilde Mangold [8] was a PhD candidate who conducted the organizer [6] experiment in 1921 under the direction of her graduate advisor, Hans Spemann [9] at the University of Freiburg [10] in Freiburg,...

This study investigated if different response formats (test methods) measure reading comprehension of expository text differently. The study was conducted with 48 semester 6 TESL students at a university in Selangor, Malaysia. These students received an expository passage having descriptive rhetorical structure followed by three response formats, namely, incomplete outline, graphic organizer, a...

According to development requirements, a standardized management system is mainly used in basic information files, file statistics and query management, lending management. Development files for that school personnel more efficient functions within the scope of work documents, archiving promoting improve level records staff, increase their strength, speed up on pace technology make efficient. T...

The Spemann organizer induces neural tissue, dorsalizes mesoderm and generates a second dorsal axis. We report the isolation and characterization of Smad10, which has all three of these Spemann activities. Smad10 is expressed at the appropriate time to transduce Spemann signals endogenously. Like the organizer, Smad10 generates anterior and posterior neural tissues. Smad10 appears to function d...

The effects of an advance organizer, a preview of text structure and two arrangements of text material on prose learning and delayed retention were investigated. Text material was preceded by either an advance organizer, a preview of structure, or a neutral control passage. Two text structures were developed: 1) a hierarchical structure; 2) a hierarchical and categorical structure. Subjects wer...

Many biomedical ontologies have now been developed, stimulated by the increasing importance of biomedical ontologies in the scientific community. Most ontology development efforts have required not only the participation of ontology engineers but also of domain experts. This should help the veracity of the domain knowledge, but not necessarily the engineering of the ontology. In fact, the quali...