conclusions species identification of trichophyton is crucially important for epidemiological and phylogenetic purposes and for genotype delineation. rca based on its polymorphisms can be used to generate identification barcodes and as an alternative to dna sequencing; it is a very fast, specific, and economical tool for species identification. results of the 61 putative trichophyton clinical i...

Alternaria porri is a fungal pathogen that causes purple blotch on shallots, this fungus can cause crop yield loss of 3 – 57%. A. was obtained from the Sumber Brantas onion farm and then isolated by planting infected tissue. Streptomyces spp. filamentous bacterium abundant in soil be used as biological agent, decomposer plant growth promote. one isolate shallot land location Pare, Kediri, East ...

The Maximum Respiration Hypothesis (MRH) asserts that matured ecosystems organize their configuration to maximize community respiration. Hence the object of the hypothesis is not individual living organisms but the whole ecosystem. In this paper we use two types of ecosystem models to show how the MRH works in ecosystems. The first is a simple theoretical model that consists of two compartments...

Although previous bacterial typing methods have been informative about potential relatedness of isolates collected during outbreaks, next-generation sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to not only look at similarity between isolates, but also put differences into biological context. In this study, we have investigated the whole genome sequence of five Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates colle...

Although microorganisms are degrading the contaminants in bioremediation processes, soil animals can also have important--while usually an indirect--role in these processes. Soil animals are useful indicators of soil contamination, both before and after the bioremediation. Many toxicity and bioavailability assessment methods utilizing soil animals have been developed for hazard and risk-assessm...