Cassava root meal which has been used as good alternative energy source in poultry and pig diets is increasingly becoming an important energy source for feeding the world’s human population. There are however, several by-products of cassava harvest ranging from the leaves, peels and pulp which have potential as feed ingredients in poultry rations. Cassava peels and pulps are moderate to high in...

The survival of Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated on 15 ready-to-eat meat products made using drying, fermentation, and/or smoking. The products were obtained from six processors and included summer sausage, smoked cured beef, beef jerky, snack stick, and pork rind and crackling products. The water activity of the products ranged from 0.27 (pork rinds and cracklings) to 0.98 (smoked cured be...

Antimicrobial agents are added to poultry products after slaughter to prevent the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and to extend the shelf-life of these products. Antimicrobials can be either natural or chemical, which may affect the sensory attributes at elevated concentrations, such as surface color, odor, flavor, taste, and texture of the poultry products. Thus, when selectin...

Phosphates offer a range of possibilities when used in meat and poultry productions. Food grade phosphates are used in meat products for several reasons such as changing and/or stabilizing of pHvalue, increasing water holding capacity in order to lead to higher yields, decreasing losses of weight in cooking, improving texture and sensory properties (tenderness, juiciness, color and flavor), ext...

1. Domestication and Development Of Breeds 1.1. Chickens 1.2. Turkeys 1.3. Ducks 2. Production Systems 2.1. Rural Production Systems 2.2. Intensive Commercial Production 2.2.1. Meat-Type Chickens 2.2.2. Egg-Type Chickens 2.2.3. Turkeys 2.2.4. Ducks 3. Marketing and Preservation 4. Worldwide Distribution 5. Yields of Product from Poultry 6. Composition of Products 7. Advantages and Disadvantages...

With the constant increase in poultry meat consumption worldwide and the large variety of poultry meat products and consumer demand, ensuring the microbial safety of poultry carcasses and cuts is essential. In the present review, we address the bacterial contamination of poultry meat from the slaughtering steps to the use-by-date of the products. The different contamination sources are identifi...

Primary and further processing of poultry is a multibillion dollar industry in the US. The majority of poultry raised and commercially processed in the US is composed of chickens, turkeys, and ducks, with more than 9 billion birds processed in 2010 (Table 24.1). Total retail product weight exceeded 58 billion pounds, with an estimated retail value of $100 billion. The general process of turning...

Reduction of foodborne illnesses and deaths by improving the safety of poultry products is one of the priority areas in the United States, and developing and implementing effective food processing technologies can be very effective to accomplish that goal. Irradiation is an effective processing technology for eliminating pathogens in poultry meat. Addition of antimicrobial agents during process...