Potential flow has many applications, including the modelling of unsteady flows in aerodynamics. For these models to work efficiently, it is best avoid Biot-Savart interactions. This presents a grid-based treatment potential two dimensions and its use vortex model for simulating aerodynamic flows. consisting elements, follows vortex-in-cell approach solves streamfunction-vorticity Poisson equat...

Understanding the physics of flow instabilities is important for processes in a wide range engineering applications. Flow occur at interfaces between moving fluids. Potential fluctuations are generated two fluids based on relationship continuity. Theoretical analysis demonstrated that, instabilities, potential fluctuation exhibits oscillatory wave surface concurrently temporal and spatial dimen...

Fish swim by undulating their bodies. These propulsive motions require coordinated shape changes of a body that interacts with its fluid environment, but the specific coordination leads to robust turning and swimming remains unclear. To address problem underwater motion planning, we propose simple model three-link fish in potential flow environment use model-free reinforcement learning for cont...

— This article investigates determinants and impacts of cooperative organization, using the example of smallholder banana farmers in Kenya. Farmer groups are inclusive of the poor, although wealthier households are more likely to join. Employing propensity score matching, we find positive income effects for active group members. Yet price advantages of collective marketing are small, and high-v...