Androgen control of penis development/growth is unclear. In rats, androgen action in a foetal 'masculinisation programming window' (MPW; e15.5-e18.5)' predetermines penile length and hypospadias occurrence. This has implications for humans (e.g. micropenis). Our studies aimed to establish in rats when androgen action/administration affects development/growth of the penis and if deficits in MPW ...

Background: Varicella-zoster infection is a serious and potentially fatal disease, especially among newborns.Several studies have described postnatal varicella zoster exposure among neonates and reported on the efficacy of varicella-zoster immunoglobulins (VZIG) used as post-exposure prophylaxis. Unfortunately, VZIG is not available in Jordan. A limited number of studies have investigated the e...

OBJECTIVE Inhaled 1-bromopropane decomposes easily and releases bromine ion. However, the kinetics and transfer of bromine ion into the next generation have not been clarified. In this work, the kinetics of bromine ion transfer to the next generation was investigated by using cross-fostering analysis and a one-compartment model. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 700 ppm of 1-bromop...

While prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a well-known risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, the effect of postnatal ETS exposure is less clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of postnatal ETS exposure on non-nutritive swallowing (NNS) and NNS-breathing coordination, which are crucial to prevent aspiration related-cardiorespiratory events. E...

Prenatal exposure to cannabinoids does not produce gross malformations in humans and only does so with any consistency in mice following exposure to relatively high doses and following the intraperitoneal route of administration. Resorption rates are reliably increased in mice but not rats following in utero cannabinoid exposure. There is also a reliable decrease in maternal food and water cons...

OBJECTIVE Altered cortisol response is a vulnerability marker for a variety of stress-related diseases and psychiatric disorders. Childhood adversity has been shown to modify this response, but evidence is inconsistent. Effects may differ depending on the timing of exposure, or due to the interplay between pre/postnatal adversity and later adversities. The present study examined the influence o...

A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which early life stress (ELS) modifies brain development and adult behavior is necessary for diagnosing and treating psychopathology associated with exposure to ELS. For historical reasons, most of the work in rodents has been done in rats and attempts to establish robust and reproducible paradigms in the mouse have proven to be...

Previous research has demonstrated the sensitivity of the developing rat to the hypothyroxinemic and ototoxic effects of perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254 (A1254). We tested the hypothesis that postnatal exposure via lactation is the major cause of the ototoxicity by cross fostering animals at birth. Primiparous rats (22-24/dose) received 0 or 6 mg/kg A1254 (po in corn oil) from gestation day ...

Reports in humans and rodents indicate that immune development may be altered following perinatal exposure to immunotoxic compounds, including chemotherapeutics, corticosteroids, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. Effects from such exposure may be more dramatic or persistent than following exposure during adult life. For example, prenatal exposure to the insecticide chlo...

background: women during the postpartum period experience many physiological, psychological, and social changes. quality of life (qol) is a sense of well-being and arises from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with various aspects of life including health, employment, socioeconomic state, psychological-emotional state, and family. moreover, qol is an important criteria for assessing healthcare sy...