Alstroemeria is one of the most beautiful flowers in the family Alstroemeriaceae. One of the major problems of this cut flower is short life of leaves, this fact reduces the economic value of this cut flower. Abscission of petal before wilting is also considered as one of the most important problems of this flower. Petals of this flower are very sensitive to ethylene. A factorial experiment bas...

Carnation is an important traded crop in many countries. Postharvest senescence is a major limitation to the marketing of many species of cut flowers and considerable effort has been devoted to developing postharvest treatments to extend the marketing period. The split-plot experiment was executed based on two factors randomized complete block design with three replications to examine the effec...

For the improvement the postharvest longevity of cut alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrida L.), a factorial experiment was carried out based on RCD with 2 factors of stem end splitting at two levels (5 cm splitting and without splitting) and ethanol at five levels (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6%), 10 treatments, 3 replications and 30 plots. In this experiment, the estimated traits included vase life, water abs...

Models of social conflict in animal societies generally assume that within-group conflict reduces the value of a communal resource. For many animals, however, the primary cost of conflict is increased mortality. We develop a simple inclusive fitness model of social conflict that takes this cost into account. We show that longevity substantially reduces the level of within-group conflict, which ...